Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلَّذِينَ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word like 'who' or 'which' that hooks a whole describing sentence onto whoever or whatever it points to. ٱلَّذِينَ · 'and those who' is the masculine plural form — 'those who' — used when it points to a group of people. Its shape is fixed: this word never changes its ending to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ءَامَنُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On ءَامَنُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters. From the root امن, the hamza opens the word as the ءَا of ءَامَنُوا۟. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. ءَامَنُ carries that added hamza at its front: 'believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ءَامَنُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The وا۟ ending on ءَامَنُوا۟ is that doer, 'they' — the believers; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَمَا opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مَا · 'not/what' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not'. مَا negates the verb after it — 'they deceive not' — and joined with the coming إِلَّا 'except' it narrows the sense to 'they deceive none but themselves'. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَخْدَعُ is an action unfolding now: 'they deceive', from the root خدع: to deceive, seek to deceive. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَخْدَعُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'they deceive', from the root خدع: to deceive, seek to deceive. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَخْدَعُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَخْدَعُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The ونَ ending on يَخْدَعُونَ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Restriction Particle · أداة الحصرA restriction narrows a statement down to one thing. After the 'not' of مَا, the word إِلَّآ 'except' produces the sense 'only': 'they deceive none but themselves' — the deceit falls back on no one else. L19 · R5

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَنفُسَ names such a thing: 'themselves', from the root نفس: soul, self, person; one's own self. L1 · R6

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. أَنفُسَ is a plural built by reshaping its word from the inside rather than by adding an ending, and it wears no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — yet Arabic treats it as feminine: 'themselves'. L2 · R2

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, and one way to make it is by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. أَنفُس is the broken plural of نَفْس 'self', reshaped from within to mean 'selves'. L2 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, marked by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the final letter. أَنفُسَهُمْ carries that fathah ـَ, because the deceit falls upon them: 'they deceive only themselves'. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, so it stands in the accusative — the 'landed-on form', usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the final letter. أَنفُس is what the deceiving acts upon — 'themselves' — carrying the fathah ـَ of that role. L9 · R3

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'their/them' glued onto the end of another word. The ending هُمْ on أَنفُسَهُمْ is such a suffix, meaning 'their', so the word reads 'their own selves'. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive chain joins two words into an 'of' phrase, and the second, the owner, takes the genitive. Here the attached هُمْ 'their' fills that owner slot on أَنفُس 'selves' — 'the selves of them', that is, 'themselves'. L5 · R5

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالA circumstantial وَ means 'while', opening a mini-sentence that describes the state during the main action. Here it opens 'while they do not perceive', describing their blindness to the harm they work on themselves. L14 · R3

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مَا · 'not/what' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not'. مَا negates the verb after it: 'they do not perceive' the harm they bring on themselves. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَشْعُرُ is an action unfolding now: 'they realize (it)', from the root شعر: to perceive, know; poetry, poet; sacred symbols/rites. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَشْعُرُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'they realize (it)', from the root شعر: to perceive, know; poetry, poet; sacred symbols/rites. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَشْعُرُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَشْعُرُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The ونَ ending on يَشْعُرُونَ is that doer, 'they' — the ones who do not perceive; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4