Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَن · '(are some) who' is the relative word Arabic uses for people — 'who' or 'whoever' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the noun the sentence talks about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, the 'topic form' usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. مَن 'some who' is that topic here — 'of the people are some who say…'; a little word like مَن keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one — and the saying that follows is what is told about them. L6 · R2

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَقُولُ is an action unfolding now: 'say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَقُولُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R3

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of يَقُولُ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ءَامَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'We believed', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On ءَامَنَّا that ending is نَّا, telling exactly who is meant: 'We believed', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters. From the root امن, the hamza opens the word as the ءَا of ءَامَنَّا. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. ءَامَ carries that added hamza at its front: 'We believed', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَّا · 'us/our' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ءَامَنَّا — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The نَّا 'we' ending on ءَامَنَّا is that doer — 'we believe'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِٱللَّهِ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the naming word after it into the genitive, the ending marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and بِٱللَّهِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. ٱللَّهِ is a proper name: 'in Allah'. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. ٱللَّهِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: بِٱللَّهِ. L2 · R12

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَبِٱلْيَوْمِ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of وَبِٱلْيَوْمِ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the naming word after it into the genitive, the ending marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and وَبِٱلْيَوْمِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L4 · R1

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): وَبِٱلْيَوْمِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. يَوْمِ names such a thing: 'and in the Day', from the root يوم: day, time, period. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. وَبِٱلْيَوْمِ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. يَوْمِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: وَبِٱلْيَوْمِ. L2 · R12

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. ءَاخِرِ names such a thing: '[the] Last', from the root اخر: other, last, hereafter, to delay. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the letter. ٱلْـَٔاخِر ends in that kasrah ـِ, copying the ending of ٱلْيَوْم, the word it describes, which is genitive after the preposition بِ. L2 · R12

Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that comes after its noun and matches it in gender, number, ending, and 'the'-ness. ٱلْـَٔاخِر follows ٱلْيَوْم and matches it — both masculine, both definite, both genitive with the kasrah ـِ — 'the Last Day'. L7 · R1

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالA circumstantial وَ means 'while', opening a mini-sentence that describes the state of things during the main action. Here it opens 'while they are not believers', describing the true state behind their spoken claim. L14 · R3

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مَا · 'not/what' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not'. مَا here negates the statement about them — 'they are not believers' — denying the faith they claimed with their tongues. L4 · R5

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُم is the standalone word 'they', the topic of the denial: it is they who are not believers. L3 · R2

Ḥijāzī Mā · ما الحجازيةThe Ḥijāzī مَا is the 'not' that works like 'is not': it keeps the topic in the nominative — the 'topic form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the final letter — while its comment picks up an added بِ and so turns genitive, the after-a-preposition ending usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the letter. هُم 'they' is that topic — a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one — and the comment 'believers' follows with the added بِ: 'they are not believers'. L19 · R13

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِمُؤْمِنِينَ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Ḥijāzī Mā · ما الحجازيةThe Ḥijāzī مَا keeps its topic in the nominative — the 'topic form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the final letter — and marks its comment with an added بِ. That extra بِ appears here on بِمُؤْمِنِينَ, sealing the denial: 'they are not, in the least, believers'. L19 · R13

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مُؤْمِنِينَ is such a naming word: '(are) believers (at all)', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. Even as a plural, بِمُؤْمِنِينَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is a masculine noun; its ending is the 'sound' plural ending Arabic reserves for masculine nouns. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more of something. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); بِمُؤْمِنِينَ closes with exactly such an ending: not one, but a whole group. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the 'after-of / after-preposition' family of endings a noun — a naming word — can wear; on most nouns it is shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the final letter. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); بِمُؤْمِنِينَ wears its genitive inside that shared plural ending. L2 · R7

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the one who does the action. Built from the root امن (to believe), مُؤْمِنِينَ names the doers — 'believers' — though the sentence denies that they are any such thing. L11 · R3