Maṣdar Particle · حرف مصدريA maṣdar particle like أَنْ 'that/to' turns the verb clause after it into a single action-idea — 'that they believe' works like the one naming word 'their believing' — and it puts that verb into the subjunctive, the mood typically shown by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke, or a dropped final نَ. Here that action-idea is the very thing being hoped for. L20 · R15

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يُؤْمِنُ is an action unfolding now: 'they will believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb is the verb shape that opens with one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت; small helper words before it can bend its time and mood. يُؤْمِنُ wears that present-tense shape, opening with exactly such a letter: 'they will believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R3

Subjunctive Mood · الفعل المنصوبThe subjunctive is the mood a present tense verb takes after particles like أَنْ 'that/to'; for the masculine plural shape the marker is the DROPPING of the final نَ. يُؤْمِنُوا۟ stands right after أَن, and its plural ending has lost that نَ — the full shape would end ـُونَ — exactly the subjunctive's sign. L10 · R4

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يُؤْمِنُوا۟ is one of them, but here its closing ن has dropped away — and for these five shapes that dropped ن is itself the grammar-sign: it marks the subjunctive mood, the bent form a governing word before it forces on the verb. L10 · R10

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) among its root letters, and the hamza's written seat changes with the surrounding vowels. In يُؤْمِنُوا۟ the root's hamza sits on a و-shaped seat as ؤ, capped with the sukūn ـْ — the small circle meaning its sound stops there. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters; in the present tense this form announces itself instead by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the letter — sitting on the verb's opening prefix letter. يُؤْمِنُ carries exactly that ḍammah ـُ on its opening letter: 'they will believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يُؤْمِنُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَ at the front of لَكُمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here كُمْ 'you all'. Though the label reads it as a standalone word, it is written joined after the preposition لَ and works like the glued-on endings for 'your/you', naming those the believing would be for: 'for you'. L3 · R7

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَقَدْ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Certainty Particle (قَدْ) · حرف تحقيقThe certainty particle قَدْ before a past tense verb stresses that the action truly happened — 'certainly did'. قَدْ stands here before كَانَ 'there has been': a party of them truly used to do this. L20 · R16

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. كَانَ speaks of an action already carried out: '(there) has been', from the root كون: to be, exist, happen. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and كَانَ is exactly that bare base: '(there) has been', from the root كون: to be, exist, happen. L8 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of كَانَ is كون: to be, exist, happen — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Kāna Verb · كان وأخواتهاكَانَ and its sisters are incomplete verbs: they need both a topic and a completing part to finish their meaning — 'a party of them was' — WAS WHAT? Here the topic is فَرِيقٌ 'a party', and the completing part follows: 'hearing the words of Allah'. L18 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. فَرِيقٌ names such a thing: 'a party', from the root فرق: to separate, divide, distinguish; criterion, group. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. فَرِيقٌۭ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. فَرِيقٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'a party'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is an ending shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — or its doubled form ـٌ. فَرِيقٌ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ: it is the topic of كَانَ 'there has been', and كَانَ keeps its topic in this nominative form. L2 · R10

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِّنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِّنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هُمْ · 'them/their' hangs on the little relation-word in مِّنْهُمْ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَسْمَعُ is an action unfolding now: '(who used to) hear', from the root سمع: to hear. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَسْمَعُ opens with exactly such a letter: '(who used to) hear', from the root سمع: to hear. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَسْمَعُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَسْمَعُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'they', the hearers; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. كَلَٰمَ names such a thing: '(the) words', from the root كلم: words, speech, to speak. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. كَلَـٰمَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. كَلَٰمَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ on the م of كَلَٰمَ. 'The words of Allah' are what the hearing landed on. L9 · R3

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. ٱللَّهِ is a proper name: '(of) Allah'. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes as the owner in an 'of' phrase, marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the final letter. كَلَـٰمَ and ٱللَّهِ form such a pair, '(the) words (of) Allah', and as the owner-word of that pair, ٱللَّهِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهArabic says 'of' by chaining two nouns — two naming words — directly together: كَلَـٰمَ ٱللَّهِ reads '(the) words — (of) Allah'. The second word of such a chain, the owner, always takes the genitive — the after-'of' ending, shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and ٱللَّهِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L5 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. ثُمَّ · 'then' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a particle that joins words or sentences, and ثُمَّ means 'then' — the next thing after a gap. They heard — THEN they distorted. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يُحَرِّفُ is an action unfolding now: 'they distort it', from the root حرف: to distort, turn away; edge, border. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يُحَرِّفُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'they distort it', from the root حرف: to distort, turn away; edge, border. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يُحَرِّفُونَهُۥ is one of them: its marker ونَ keeps that ن — written here just before the small pronoun fastened to the word's tail — and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Form II Verb · فَعَّلَA Form II verb is identified by a shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped doubling mark — on the second root letter. يُحَرِّفُونَهُۥ shows that shaddah on the ر in its middle: the mark of this form. L12 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يُحَرِّفُونَهُۥ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'they', the distorters; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The final هُۥ 'it' is that object, glued straight onto the verb — what they heard is the very thing they distort; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنۢ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنۢ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. بَعْدِ names such a thing: 'after', from the root بعد: after, distance, remoteness. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. بَعْدِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: بَعْدِ. L2 · R12

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · '[what]' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهArabic says 'of' by chaining two naming words directly together: بَعْدِ مَا reads 'after — [what]'. مَا fills the owner slot — the second position of the chain, the position that carries the genitive, the after-'of' ending usually shown by a kasrah ـِ (a small slanted stroke below the letter) — though this word is one of the fixed-shape words whose ending never changes to show it. L5 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. عَقَلُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they understood it', from the root عقل: to bind the feet of a camel with a rope; to understand, comprehend. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On عَقَلُوهُ that ending is و, telling exactly who is meant: 'they understood it', from the root عقل: to bind the feet of a camel with a rope; to understand, comprehend. L8 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. و · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — عَقَلُوهُ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending و is that doer, 'they', the ones who understood; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The final هُ 'it' is that object, glued straight onto the verb — the very thing they understood; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالThe circumstantial particle is a وَ meaning 'while', and its identifying mark is that a complete sentence opening with a naming word or pronoun follows it. This وَ is followed by exactly that — هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ 'they know' — describing the state they were in during the distorting: WHILE they knew. L14 · R3

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/she/they'. هُمْ is the 'they' of that set — the distorters themselves. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the word a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُمْ 'they' is that topic of the little sentence 'they know'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe circumstantial describes the state someone was in while the action happened, and one of its forms is a whole topic-sentence introduced by the 'while' وَ — exactly the shape here: وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ, 'while they know'. It answers 'in what state did they distort it?' — knowingly. L21 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَعْلَمُ is an action unfolding now: 'know?', from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L1 · R7

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that completes the meaning about the topic — and it can itself be a whole verb-sentence, which then carries the information with no separate 'is' implied. The sentence يَعْلَمُونَ 'they know' is exactly that, completing the topic هُمْ: they — they know. L6 · R6

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَعْلَمُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'know?', from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَعْلَمُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَعْلَمُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'they', the knowers; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4