And when they meet those who believe, they say, "We have believed"; but when they are alone with one another, they say, "Do you talk to them about what Allāh has revealed to you so they can argue with you about it before your Lord?" Then will you not reason?
Sahih International
Grammar, phrase by phrase
وَإِذَا لَقُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟
(And when they meet those who believe,)
Root لقي — to meet, encounter, to cast or throw · 146 times in the Quran
Root امن — to believe, faith, security, trust · 879 times in the Quran
وَإِذَاword 1
Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix وَ here opens a new scene: their two faces, one before the believers and one in private. L14 · R1
Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word that anchors a sentence to the time its action happens. إِذَا 'when' marks events expected to recur or come, without shortening the verb after it: 'WHEN they meet those who believe…'. L16 · R7
لَقُوا۟word 2
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. لَقُ names an action — meeting — from the root لقي: to meet, encounter. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes a completed action, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending وا۟ — the 'they' marker — sits on لَقُوا۟; after إِذَا 'when', Arabic uses this settled past shape even for what keeps happening. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters; when the weak letter is the LAST root letter, the verb is the defective type, and that letter loves to slip away. لَقُوا۟ is the root لقي — its final weak ي does not show here at all; the word closes straight onto the 'they' ending وا۟. L24 · R7
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on لَقُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they'. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
ٱلَّذِينَword 3
Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto whom it stands for, and ٱلَّذِينَ is the form for a group of men or people: 'those who'. It carries the sentence 'believed' — those who believe. L5 · R13
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. 'Those who believe' are the ones the meeting lands on; ٱلَّذِينَ keeps one fixed written shape, so the accusative is the role it fills, not a mark on show. L9 · R3
ءَامَنُوا۟word 4
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ءَامَنُ names an action — believing — from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending وا۟ — the 'they' marker — sits on ءَامَنُوا۟: 'they believed'. L8 · R2
Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) among its root letters, and the hamza's written seat changes with the surrounding vowels. The root امن opens with that hamza, and ءَامَنُوا۟ shows it at the very front — the ء carrying the long ā that follows it. L24 · R11
Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb adds a hamzah to the front of the three root letters in the past tense. In ءَامَنُوا۟ that added hamzah has fused with the root's own opening hamza into the single long-sounding ءَا at the front — so no separate prefix letter shows, yet the long opening is this form's mark here. L12 · R5
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on ءَامَنُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they'. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'they', the believers; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا
(…they say, "We have believed";)
Root قول — to say, speak, tell · 1,722 times in the Quran
Root امن — to believe, faith, security, trust · 879 times in the Quran
قَالُوٓا۟word 5
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. قَالُ names an action — saying — from the root قول, to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes a completed action, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending وٓا۟ — the 'they' marker — sits on قَالُوٓا۟: 'they say', the settled shape used after إِذَا 'when'. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters, and a middle weak letter hides behind a long alif in the past tense. قَالُوٓا۟ is the root قول — the long ا in its middle is the weak و in disguise. L24 · R4
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وٓا۟ on قَالُوٓا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they'. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وٓا۟ is that doer, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
ءَامَنَّاword 6
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ءَامَ names an action — believing — from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending نَّا — the 'we' marker, from نَحْنُ — closes ءَامَنَّا, its shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark, showing where the word's ن and the ending's ن are written as one: 'WE have believed'. L8 · R2
Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) among its root letters, and the hamza's written seat changes with the surrounding vowels. The root امن opens with that hamza, and ءَامَنَّا shows it at the very front — the ء carrying the long ā that follows it. L24 · R11
Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb adds a hamzah to the front of the three root letters in the past tense. In ءَامَنَّا that added hamzah has fused with the root's own opening hamza into the single long-sounding ءَا at the front — so no separate prefix letter shows, yet the long opening is this form's mark here. L12 · R5
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending نَّا on ءَامَنَّا is such a suffix, standing for 'we'. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَّا is that doer, 'we'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
Ibn 'Abbas said of "they say, 'We believe'": they believe that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah — "but he was only sent for you Arabs."
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:75–77
So far: “And when they meet those who believe, they say, "We have believed";”
وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ
(…but when they are alone with one another,)
Root خلو — to be alone, pass away, be free from, be empty · 28 times in the Quran
Root بعض — some, part, a portion · 158 times in the Quran
وَإِذَاword 7
Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a particle that joins words or sentences. The prefix وَ 'and/but' joins the private scene to the public one. L4 · R4
Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word that anchors a sentence to the time its action happens. إِذَا 'when' marks events expected to recur or come, without shortening the verb after it: 'WHEN they are alone with one another…'. L16 · R7
خَلَاword 8
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for a happening tied to a time. خَلَا names a state — being alone, in private — from the root خلو: to be alone, be free from, be empty. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes a completed action; its base shape is the 'he' form with no ending added. خَلَا is that bare base shape — the settled form used after إِذَا 'when'. L8 · R1
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters; when the weak letter is the LAST root letter, the verb is the defective type, surfacing as a final long vowel. خَلَا is the root خلو — its final weak و surfaces as the long ا closing the word. L24 · R7
بَعْضُهُمْword 9
Noun · اسمA word whose final vowel mark changes with its job in the sentence is a noun, a naming word. بَعْضُ names some, a part, from the root بعض — some, part, a portion. L1 · R5
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. بَعْضُ carries exactly that ḍammah ـُ on its ض. L2 · R10
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action in a verb-first sentence, standing in the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the ض of بَعْضُ. 'Some of them' are the ones who are alone together. L9 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; attached to a naming word, it shows belonging. The ending هُمْ on بَعْضُهُمْ stands for 'them': some 'OF them'. L3 · R6
Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The ending هُمْ fills that owner slot: 'some OF them'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5
إِلَىٰword 10
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. إِلَىٰ is such a helper word. L1 · R8
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. إِلَى 'to/toward' is one of the common prepositions: some of them alone 'with' others. L4 · R2
بَعْضٍۢword 11
Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel mark ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. بَعْضٍ names some, others, from the root بعض — some, part, a portion. L1 · R2
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one — no particular one named — and is marked by tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel. بَعْضٍ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ: 'some others', unspecified. L2 · R8
Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter — doubled here to the tanwīn ـٍ. بَعْضٍ ends in exactly that doubled kasrah ـٍ, pulled into it by إِلَىٰ before it. L2 · R12
قَالُوٓا۟ أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُم
(…they say, "Do you talk to them)
Root قول — to say, speak, tell · 1,722 times in the Quran
Root حدث — to tell, narrate; news, statement, narrative · 36 times in the Quran
قَالُوٓا۟word 12
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. قَالُ names an action — saying — from the root قول, to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes a completed action, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending وٓا۟ — the 'they' marker — sits on قَالُوٓا۟: 'they say', the settled shape used after إِذَا 'when'. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters, and a middle weak letter hides behind a long alif in the past tense. قَالُوٓا۟ is the root قول — the long ا in its middle is the weak و in disguise. L24 · R4
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وٓا۟ on قَالُوٓا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they'. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وٓا۟ is that doer, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمword 13
Interrogative Particle · حرف استفهامAn interrogative particle turns a statement into a question, and the prefix أَ is one that forms yes/no questions. The أَ opening أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُم asks, reproaching: DO you tell them…? L17 · R1
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تُحَدِّثُ names an action — telling — from the root حدث: to tell, narrate; news, statement. L1 · R7
Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. After the question's أَ, the verb opens with the letter تُ — the 'you' prefix — standing before the root letters: 'do you tell'. L8 · R3
The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes ending in نَ, where that نَ itself is the mood sign: kept, it marks the normal mood; dropped, it marks a trimmed mood. تُحَدِّثُونَ is one of those five shapes — its نَ is kept, the normal mood — with 'them' then glued on after. L10 · R10
Form II Verb · فَعَّلَA Form II verb is identified by a shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped doubling mark — on the second root letter. أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُم shows that shaddah on the د in its middle: the mark of this form. L12 · R7
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word — and this one verb carries two: the ونَ standing for 'you all', and after it هُم standing for 'them', the believers. One written word packs a whole sentence. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'you all', the ones asked about their telling; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The final هُم 'them' is that object, glued straight onto the verb — the ones being told; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5
بِمَا فَتَحَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ
(…about what Allāh has revealed to you)
Root فتح — to open, grant victory, judge decisively · 38 times in the Quran
Root اله — god · 2,851 times in the Quran
بِمَاword 14
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix بِ 'with/about' is one of the common prepositions: tell them 'ABOUT what…'. L4 · R2
Maṣdar Particle · حرف مصدريA maṣdar particle turns the verb clause after it into a single action-idea, the way 'that you fast' works like the one naming word 'your fasting' — and مَا is one of these little converters. This مَا bundles 'Allah has revealed to you' into one thing: the revealed matter itself. L20 · R15
فَتَحَword 15
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. فَتَحَ names an action — opening, granting — from the root فتح: to open, grant victory, judge decisively; here, what Allah has opened to them: revealed. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed; its base shape is the 'he' form with no ending added. فَتَحَ is that bare base shape: 'He has revealed'. L8 · R1
ٱللَّهُword 16
Noun · اسمA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea — including proper names. ٱللَّهُ is the proper name of Allah. L1 · R6
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱللَّهُ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action in a verb-first sentence, standing in the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the last letter of ٱللَّهُ. Allah is the One who revealed. L9 · R2
عَلَيْكُمْword 17
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. عَلَيْ is such a helper word. L1 · R8
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. عَلَى 'on/upon' — written عَلَيْ before its suffix — is one of the common prepositions: revealed 'to you'. L4 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending كُمْ on عَلَيْكُمْ stands for 'you all' — the ones the revelation was opened to. L3 · R6
لِيُحَآجُّوكُم بِهِۦ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ ۚ
(…so they can argue with you about it before your Lord?")
Root حجج — to argue, contend with proof; pilgrimage to Mecca · 33 times in the Quran
Root عند — near, with · 201 times in the Quran
Root ربب — Lord, Sustainer, Nourisher, Regulator, Perfector · 980 times in the Quran
لِيُحَآجُّوكُمword 18
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another. The prefix لِ 'to/for' here carries the sense 'so that', tying the arguing to its purpose: telling them would only give them proof to argue with. L4 · R2
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. يُحَآجُّ names an action — arguing — from the root حجج: to argue, contend with proof. L1 · R7
Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. After the لِ, the verb opens with the letter يُ — the 'they' prefix — standing before the root letters: 'they argue'. L8 · R3
Subjunctive Mood · الفعل المنصوبThe subjunctive is the mood a present tense verb takes after particles like أَنْ, لَنْ, كَيْ, and the purpose لِـ; for the masculine plural shape the marker is the DROPPING of the final نَ. يُحَآجُّو stands right after that purpose لِ, and its plural ending has lost that نَ — the full shape would end ـُونَ — exactly the subjunctive's sign. L10 · R4
The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes ending in نَ, where that نَ itself is the mood sign: kept, it marks the normal mood; dropped, it marks a trimmed mood. يُحَآجُّو belongs to those five shapes, and its نَ is dropped — the sign that a mood-changing word, here the purpose لِ, stands before it. L10 · R10
Doubled Verb · فعل مضاعفA doubled verb is one whose second and third root letters are the same letter, written once with the doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark. The root حجج repeats its ج, and لِيُحَآجُّوكُم shows that shaddah ـّ on the ج. L24 · R10
Form III Verb · فَاعَلَA Form III verb is identified by an alif after the first root letter. لِيُحَآجُّوكُم shows exactly that long ā — written آ — after its first root letter ح: 'argue with', an action directed at the other party. L12 · R7
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word — and this one verb carries two: the و standing for 'they', and after it كُم standing for 'you all'. One written word packs a whole sentence. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending و is that doer, 'they', the arguers; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The final كُم 'you all' is that object, glued straight onto the verb — the ones argued against; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5
بِهِۦword 19
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix بِ 'with/about' is one of the common prepositions: argue with you 'about it'. L4 · R2
Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here هِۦ 'it' — the revealed matter. Though the label reads it as a standalone word, it is written joined after the preposition بِ and works like the glued-on endings for 'his/it': 'about it'. L3 · R7
عِندَword 20
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. عِندَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ, the ending words that tell where something stands keep fixed. L2 · R11
Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word frozen in the accusative — the fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above its last letter — that tells where something happens, and عِندَ 'with/at' is one of the most common, chained to the naming word after it. Here: arguing 'AT your Lord' — before Him. L26 · R2
رَبِّكُمْ ۚword 21
Noun · اسمA word whose final vowel mark changes with its job in the sentence is a noun, a naming word. رَبِّ names the Lord, from the root ربب — Lord, Sustainer, Nourisher, Regulator, Perfector. L1 · R5
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes as the second noun in an 'of' pairing, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter. رَبِّ ends in exactly that kasrah ـِ, chained after the place word عِندَ: 'at-the-place OF your Lord'. L2 · R12
Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, the owner coming second in the genitive — the kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter — and such chains can nest: رَبِّ is the owner after عِندَ, wearing that kasrah, and the ending كُمْ is in turn the owner after رَبِّ — 'before the Lord OF you'; the pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so its genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; attached to a naming word, it shows possession. The ending كُمْ on رَبِّكُمْ stands for 'your': YOUR Lord. L3 · R6
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: when they met each other, some would say, "Do not talk to the companions of Muhammad about what Allah has foretold in your Book, so that the news does not become a proof for them against you with your Lord, and thus you will win the dispute."
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:75–77
So far: “And when they meet those who believe, they say, "We have believed"; but when they are alone with one another, they say, "Do you talk to them about what Allāh has revealed to you so they can argue with you about it before your Lord?"”
أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ
(Then will you not reason?)
Root عقل — to bind the feet of a camel with a rope; to understand, comprehend · 49 times in the Quran
أَفَلَاword 22
Interrogative Particle · حرف استفهامAn interrogative particle turns a statement into a question, and the prefix أَ combines with other little words — as in أَفَلَا 'will you not?'. The أَ opening أَفَلَا asks exactly that pressing question. L17 · R1
Supplementary Particle · حرف زائدA supplementary particle is an extra word added for weight — removing it would not change the core meaning. The فَ tucked between the question's أَ and the 'not' is such an extra particle, giving the question its pressing tone. L14 · R4
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. لَا is such a helper word. L1 · R8
Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle flips a statement to its opposite, and لَا is the one used with present-tense verbs. Here it makes the question's 'not': will you NOT reason? L4 · R5
تَعْقِلُونَword 23
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَعْقِلُ names an inner action — reasoning — from the root عقل, whose related meanings include to understand, comprehend. L1 · R7
Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. تَعْقِلُونَ opens with the letter تَ — the 'you' prefix — standing before the root letters: 'you reason'. L8 · R3
The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes ending in نَ, where that نَ itself is the mood sign: kept, it marks the normal mood; dropped, it marks a trimmed mood. تَعْقِلُونَ is one of those five shapes, and its نَ is kept — the normal, untrimmed mood, so this لَا questions rather than commands. L10 · R10
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending ونَ on تَعْقِلُونَ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
So far: “And when they meet those who believe, they say, "We have believed"; but when they are alone with one another, they say, "Do you talk to them about what Allāh has revealed to you so they can argue with you about it before your Lord?" Then will you not reason?”