Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِّنۢ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِّنۢ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. بَعْدِ names such a thing: 'after', from the root بعد: after, distance, remoteness. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. بَعْدِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: بَعْدِ. L2 · R12

Demonstrative Pronoun · اسم إشارةA demonstrative pronoun is a pointing word that singles out a specific thing, near or far, and ذَٰلِكَ is the far pointing word: 'that' — all that they had witnessed. L3 · R8

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. ذَٰلِكَ fills that owner slot after بَعْدِ: 'after OF-that'; a pointing word keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix فَ · 'then' at the front of فَهِىَ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/she/they'. هِىَ is the 'she' of that set, standing here for 'they' — the hearts, spoken of as 'she'. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the word a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هِىَ 'they' is that topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix كَ at the front of كَٱلْحِجَارَةِ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'like/as' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the naming word after it into the genitive, the ending marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and كَٱلْحِجَارَةِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L4 · R1

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): كَٱلْحِجَارَةِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. حِجَارَةِ names stones, from the root حجر — stone. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. حِجَارَةِ carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: '(became) like [the] stones'. L2 · R1

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. حِجَارَةِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: كَٱلْحِجَارَةِ. L2 · R12

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. أَوْ · 'or' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a particle that joins words or sentences, and أَوْ means 'or'. It joins the two likenesses: like stones — OR harder still. L4 · R4

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَشَدُّ names such a thing: 'stronger', from the root شدد: terrible, severe and strong. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. أَشَدُّ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Singular Noun · مفردA singular noun refers to one, showing its case with a single short vowel mark. أَشَدُّ is one word of degree — 'stronger' — carrying the single ḍammah ـُ, the small curl, on its doubled د. L2 · R4

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or predicate of a sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. أَشَدُّ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that completes the meaning about the topic — Arabic implies the 'are' without writing it — and it stands in the nominative, shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the doubled د of أَشَدُّ. It is the second thing said about the hearts: they are like stones, or 'harder'. L6 · R3

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel mark ـً — is a noun, a naming word. قَسْوَةً names hardness itself, from the root قسو: to be hard, to be harsh, hardness of heart. L1 · R2

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. قَسْوَةً carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: '(in) hardness'. L2 · R1

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. قَسْوَةً carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: '(in) hardness'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled here to the tanwīn ـً. قَسْوَةً ends in exactly that doubled fathah ـً on its ة. L2 · R11

Specification (Tamyīz) · التمييزA specification is an indefinite naming word in the accusative — the fathah-tanwīn ـً ending — added to pin down in what respect a vague statement holds, and it appears after comparing words exactly like this: أَشَدُّ قَسْوَةً, 'stronger — IN HARDNESS'. Without it, 'stronger' would leave us asking: stronger in what? L21 · R13

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَإِنَّ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ adds emphasis — 'indeed' — and changes the topic it introduces from the nominative to the accusative, the pressed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. إِنَّ carries its doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark — and its topic here is the coming 'that which': indeed some stones truly gush with rivers. L15 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنَ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنَ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْحِجَارَةِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. حِجَارَةِ names stones, from the root حجر — stone. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. حِجَارَةِ carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: 'the stones'. L2 · R1

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. حِجَارَةِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: ٱلْحِجَارَةِ. L2 · R12

Emphatic Lām & Nūn · لام التوكيد ونون التوكيدThe emphatic لَـ at the front of a word presses down on the statement to say it is really, surely true, changing no ending. The لَ opening لَمَا seals the assertion: there truly ARE such stones. L20 · R14

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'certainly (there are some) which' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَتَفَجَّرُ is an action unfolding now: 'gush forth', from the root فجر: to split open, burst forth, dawn; wickedness. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَتَفَجَّرُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'gush forth', from the root فجر: to split open, burst forth, dawn; wickedness. L8 · R3

Form V Verb · تَفَعَّلَA Form V verb is identified by a تَـ prefix combined with a doubled middle root letter. يَتَفَجَّرُ shows both marks after its opening يَ: the تَ, and the shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped doubling mark — on the ج, the middle letter of the root فجر. The ones doing the bursting forth are ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ, the rivers — this verb's own doer — gushing out from such stones. L13 · R1

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هُ · 'him/his' hangs on the little relation-word in مِنْهُ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَنْهَٰرُ names such a thing: '[the] rivers', from the root نهر: to flow, river; day. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. أَنْهَٰرُ is such a reshaped plural of نَهَر 'river': 'rivers'. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. أَنْهَٰرُ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the ر of أَنْهَٰرُ. The rivers are what gush forth. L9 · R2

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَإِنَّ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ adds emphasis — 'indeed' — and changes the topic it introduces from the nominative to the accusative, the pressed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. إِنَّ carries its doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark — and its topic here is the coming 'that which': indeed some of them truly split. L15 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هَا · 'her/her' hangs on the little relation-word in مِنْهَا, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Emphatic Lām & Nūn · لام التوكيد ونون التوكيدThe emphatic لَـ at the front of a word presses down on the statement to say it is really, surely true, changing no ending. The لَ opening لَمَا seals the assertion: there truly ARE such stones. L20 · R14

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'certainly (there are some) which' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَشَّقَّقُ is an action unfolding now: 'split', from the root شقق: to split, cleave; to oppose, dissent. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَشَّقَّقُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'split', from the root شقق: to split, cleave; to oppose, dissent. L8 · R3

Doubled Verb · فعل مضاعفA doubled verb is one whose second and third root letters are the same letter, written once with the doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark. The root شقق repeats its ق — and here both twin ق's are written out one after the other; the shaddah ـّ you see on the middle ق belongs to the تَفَعَّلَ pattern's doubling, not to the root's twin letters. L24 · R10

Form V Verb · تَفَعَّلَA Form V verb carries a تَـ prefix and a doubled middle root letter — and in the present tense that تَـ may merge into the letter after it, shown by a shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark. That is exactly what يَشَّقَّقُ shows: the shaddah on its ش holds the form's merged تَ, and the shaddah on the ق doubles the middle root letter — the splitting happens to the stone itself. L13 · R1

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix فَ at the front of فَيَخْرُجُ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and then' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَخْرُجُ is an action unfolding now: 'so comes out', from the root خرج: to go out, bring forth. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَخْرُجُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'so comes out', from the root خرج: to go out, bring forth. L8 · R3

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هُ · 'him/his' hangs on the little relation-word in مِنْهُ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْمَآءُ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. مَآءُ names water, from the root موه — water. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. مَآءُ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ on its closing hamza. L2 · R10

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the last letter of مَآءُ. The water is what comes out. L9 · R2

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَإِنَّ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ adds emphasis — 'indeed' — and changes the topic it introduces from the nominative to the accusative, the pressed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. إِنَّ carries its doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark — and its topic here is the coming 'that which': indeed some of them truly fall down. L15 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هَا · 'her/her' hangs on the little relation-word in مِنْهَا, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Emphatic Lām & Nūn · لام التوكيد ونون التوكيدThe emphatic لَـ at the front of a word presses down on the statement to say it is really, surely true, changing no ending. The لَ opening لَمَا seals the assertion: there truly ARE such stones. L20 · R14

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'certainly (there are some) which' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَهْبِطُ is an action unfolding now: 'fall down', from the root هبط: to descend, fall, to cause to come down. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَهْبِطُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'fall down', from the root هبط: to descend, fall, to cause to come down. L8 · R3

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA word ending with the ة — Tā Marbūtah — is a noun, a naming word. خَشْيَةِ names fear, from the root خشي — to fear reverentially, be in awe of. L1 · R3

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. خَشْيَةِ carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: 'fear'. L2 · R1

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. خَشْيَةِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: خَشْيَةِ. L2 · R12

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. ٱللَّهِ is a proper name: '(of) Allah'. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes as the owner in an 'of' phrase, marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the final letter. خَشْيَةِ and ٱللَّهِ form such a pair, 'fear (of) Allah', and as the owner-word of that pair, ٱللَّهِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهArabic says 'of' by chaining two nouns — two naming words — directly together: خَشْيَةِ ٱللَّهِ reads 'fear — (of) Allah'. The second word of such a chain, the owner, always takes the genitive — the after-'of' ending, shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and ٱللَّهِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L5 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَمَا opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مَا · 'not/what' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle flips a statement to its opposite, and مَا is the one that negates sentences opening with a naming word. Here it denies any unawareness: Allah is NOT unaware. L4 · R5

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. ٱللَّهُ is a proper name: '(is) Allah'. L1 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or main topic of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱللَّهُ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10

Ḥijāzī Mā · ما الحجازيةThe Ḥijāzī مَا is the negation مَا acting like 'is not': it keeps its topic in the nominative — the topic's form, the ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter — and marks its completing part with an extra بِ. ٱللَّهُ is that topic, wearing its ḍammah ـُ, and the بِ appears on بِغَٰفِلٍ right after: 'Allah is NOT unaware'. L19 · R13

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِغَـٰفِلٍ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Ḥijāzī Mā · ما الحجازيةThe Ḥijāzī مَا is the negation مَا acting like 'is not', and one of its signatures is marking the completing part with an extra بِ. This بِ on بِغَٰفِلٍ is exactly that mark: 'Allah is not IN ANY WAY unaware'. L19 · R13

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. غَٰفِلٍ names such a thing: 'unaware', from the root غفل: to be heedless, negligent, inattentive. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. بِغَـٰفِلٍ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. غَٰفِلٍ carries the tanwīn ـٍ — the kasrah ـِ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'unaware'. L2 · R8

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter — doubled here to the tanwīn ـٍ. غَٰفِلٍ ends in exactly that doubled kasrah ـٍ, pulled into it by the بِ at its front. L2 · R12

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root, on the pattern فَاعِل, to name the doer of the action. غَٰفِلٍ is on exactly that pattern — its first root letter followed by a long ā, then a kasrah ـِ, the small stroke below the ف — naming 'one who is heedless'; and Allah is declared to be no such one. L11 · R1

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. عَ · 'from/about' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. عَ · 'from/about' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَّا · 'of what' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَعْمَلُ is an action unfolding now: 'you do', from the root عمل: to work, do, perform, act, construct. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَعْمَلُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'you do', from the root عمل: to work, do, perform, act, construct. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. تَعْمَلُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — تَعْمَلُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4