Result Particle · فاء الجوابThe result particle is a فَ that introduces what follows from a condition or preceding event — 'then'. The prefix فَ here introduces what followed the killing: THEN you fell to disputing over it. L14 · R2

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ٱدَّٰرَْٰٔ names an action — disputing, each side pushing the blame away — from the root درا. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending تُمْ — the 'you all' marker, an abbreviation of أَنْتُمْ — closes ٱدَّٰرَْٰٔتُمْ: 'you disputed'. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) among its letters, and the hamza's written seat keeps changing with the surrounding sounds, which can disguise the root. In ٱدَّٰرَْٰٔتُمْ the hamza is written small and raised, floating above the line just before the تُمْ ending. L24 · R11

Form VI Verb · تَفَاعَلَA Form VI verb pairs a تَـ prefix with an alif after the first root letter and expresses the parties doing the action to each other. Here the long ā shows as the small raised stroke ٰ after the doubled د — whose shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark, is where the form's تَ has been absorbed — and the meaning is mutual: they disputed with ONE ANOTHER over the killing. L13 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending تُمْ on ٱدَّٰرَْٰٔتُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending تُمْ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. فِي is such a helper word. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. فِي 'in' is one of the common prepositions: disputing 'concerning it'. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending هَا on فِيهَا stands for 'it' — the slain soul, spoken of as 'she'. L3 · R6

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix وَ here turns from their disputing to what Allah would do: 'but Allah was to bring out…'. L14 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea — including proper names. ٱللَّهُ is the proper name of Allah. L1 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or main topic of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱللَّهُ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl above the last letter of ٱللَّهُ. A proper name is definite, as a topic must typically be: the sentence is about Allah. L6 · R2

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel mark ـٌ — is a noun, a naming word. مُخْرِجٌ names the One who brings forth, from the root خرج: to go out, bring forth. L1 · R2

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is general — not tied to one named instance — and is marked by tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel. مُخْرِجٌ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ, the shape a completing word typically keeps. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or predicate of a sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — or its doubled form ـٌ. مُخْرِجٌ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that completes the meaning about the topic — Arabic implies the 'is/was' without writing it — and it stands in the nominative, typically indefinite when it is a single word. مُخْرِجٌ, with its doubled ḍammah ـٌ, is what is said about Allah: He [was] the One to bring forth. L6 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer of the action; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below — before its last root letter. مُخْرِجٌ shows both marks: the مُ at its front and the kasrah ـِ under the ر before its final root letter ج — 'the One who brings forth'. L11 · R3

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto what it stands for, and مَا is the form for non-human things: 'that which'. مَّا here carries the sentence 'you were concealing' — that which you were concealing. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. 'That which you were concealing' is what the bringing-forth lands on, and مَّا anchors it; this word keeps one fixed written shape, so the accusative is the role it fills, not a mark on show. L9 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for a happening tied to a time. كُن speaks of being — from the root كون: to be, exist, happen. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes what is already past, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending تُمْ — the 'you all' marker, an abbreviation of أَنْتُمْ — sits on كُنتُمْ: 'you were'. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters, and those weak letters love to vanish. كُن is the root كون — its weak middle و does not appear in this shape at all; only the short ḍammah ـُ, the small curl above the ك, remains where it stood. L24 · R4

Kāna Verb · كان وأخواتهاكَانَ and its sisters are incomplete verbs: they need both a topic and a completing part to finish their meaning — 'you were' — WHAT? كُنتُمْ carries its topic in the ending تُمْ 'you all', and the completing part follows: 'concealing'. L18 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending تُمْ on كُنتُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all' — the topic of the 'were' whose topic stays in the nominative, the topic's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the nominative is the role it fills. L3 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَكْتُمُ names an action — concealing — from the root كتم: to conceal, hide. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. تَكْتُمُونَ opens with the letter تَ — the 'you' prefix — standing before the root letters; paired with 'you were', it paints the concealing as ongoing back then: 'you WERE CONCEALING'. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes ending in نَ, where that نَ itself is the mood sign: kept, it marks the normal mood; dropped, it marks a trimmed mood. تَكْتُمُونَ is one of those five shapes, and its نَ is kept — the normal, untrimmed mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending ونَ on تَكْتُمُونَ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4