Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يُبَيِّن is an action unfolding now: 'to make clear', from the root بين: to be between, make clear, evident. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb is the verb shape that opens with one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت; small helper words before it can bend its time and mood. يُبَيِّن wears that present-tense shape, opening with exactly such a letter: 'to make clear', from the root بين: to be between, make clear, evident. L8 · R3

Jussive Mood · الفعل المجزومThe jussive is one of the three moods of a present tense verb — the cut-down mood, whose usual mark is the sukūn ـْ, the small circle meaning the sound stops on that letter. يُبَيِّن ends with exactly that stopped, vowelless ن — the cut-short shape — standing as what follows on the asked-for prayer: He will make it clear. L10 · R8

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of يُبَيِّن is بين: to be between, make clear, evident — and its middle letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Form II Verb · فَعَّلَA Form II verb is identified by a shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped doubling mark — on the second root letter. يُبَيِّن shows that shaddah on the ي in its middle: the mark of this form, here making something clear to others. L12 · R7

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَّ at the front of لَّنَا is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here نَا 'us'. Though the label reads it as a standalone word, it is written joined after the preposition لَّ and works like the glued-on endings for 'our/us', naming those the clarifying is for: 'to us'. L3 · R7

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that completes the meaning about the topic, and it stands in the nominative — the completing word's own form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The asking word مَا 'what?' is that completing part, brought to the front as questions are: 'it [is] WHAT?'; it keeps one fixed written shape, so the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R3

Interrogative Particle · حرف استفهامAn interrogative word turns a statement into a question, and مَا 'what?' is one of the specific question words. Here it asks yet again about the cow: WHAT is it? L17 · R3

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/she/they'. هِىَ is the 'she' of that set, standing here for 'it' — the cow, spoken of as 'she'. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. In the little question 'what is it?', هِىَ 'it' is that topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is what the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The little question 'what it is' is what the making-clear must land on, and هِىَ anchors it; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the accusative here is the role, not a mark on show. L9 · R3

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ adds emphasis — 'indeed' — and changes the topic it introduces from the nominative to the accusative, the pressed-on form, a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. إِنَّ carries its doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark — and its topic ٱلْبَقَرَ wears exactly that fathah: 'indeed THE COWS look alike to us'. L15 · R2

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْبَقَرَ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. بَقَرَ names such a thing: '[the] cows', from the root بقر: cow, cattle. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. ٱلْبَقَرَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — the ending a naming word takes after certain particles like إِنَّ. بَقَرَ ends in that fathah ـَ because إِنَّ stands before it as its topic. L2 · R11

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَشَٰبَهَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'look alike', from the root شبه: to resemble, be similar or alike. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and تَشَٰبَهَ is exactly that bare base: 'look alike', from the root شبه: to resemble, be similar or alike. L8 · R1

Form VI Verb · تَفَاعَلَA Form VI verb is identified by a تَـ prefix combined with an alif after the first root letter, and it expresses mutual action between parties. تَشَٰبَهَ shows both marks — the تَ at its front and the long ā after its ش, written as the small raised stroke ٰ: the cows resemble EACH OTHER, so none stands out. L13 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is one of these relation-words — it is عَلَىٰ 'on' in the shape it takes when a suffix is fastened to its end. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَا · 'us/our' hangs on the little relation-word in عَلَيْنَا, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَإِنَّآ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ adds emphasis — 'indeed' — and changes the topic it introduces from the nominative to the accusative, the pressed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. إِنَّ carries its doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark — and its topic is the 'we' fused onto its end: 'indeed WE will be guided'. L15 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The long آ closing وَإِنَّآ is the 'we' ending written joined onto إِنَّ — the topic the particle presses into the accusative, the pressed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the last letter; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the accusative is the role it fills. L3 · R6

Conditional Particle · أداة شرطA conditional particle sets up a two-part sentence — a condition and its result. إِنْ is the primary one, expressing a possible but uncertain condition: 'IF Allah wills'. L16 · R2

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. شَآءَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'wills', from the root شيا: to will, wish; thing. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and شَآءَ is exactly that bare base: 'wills', from the root شيا: to will, wish; thing. L8 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of شَآءَ is شيا: to will, wish; thing — and its middle letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and its written seat changes with the surrounding vowels. In شَآءَ the root's hamza sits on the line as ء, right after the long آ. L24 · R11

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. ٱللَّهُ is a proper name: 'Allah'. L1 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱللَّهُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action in a verb-first sentence, standing in the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the last letter of ٱللَّهُ. Allah is the One who wills. L9 · R2

Emphatic Lām & Nūn · لام التوكيد ونون التوكيدThe emphatic لَـ at the front of a word presses down on the statement to say it is really, surely true, changing no ending. The لَ opening لَمُهْتَدُونَ seals their promise: we will SURELY be guided. L20 · R14

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مُهْتَدُونَ is such a naming word: '(will) surely be those who are guided', from the root هدي: to guide, show the right path. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. Even as a plural, لَمُهْتَدُونَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is a masculine noun; its ending is the 'sound' plural ending Arabic reserves for masculine nouns. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more of something. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); لَمُهْتَدُونَ closes with exactly such an ending: not one, but a whole group. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the form a naming word takes as the subject or predicate of its sentence, usually a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. This plural shows it instead by its ending ـُونَ, the subject form carrying the ḍammah ـُ sound: it is the completing part of 'indeed we…', which keeps its own nominative form while إِنَّ presses only its topic. L2 · R6

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ, with a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below — before its last root letter. مُهْتَدُونَ shows that مُ at its front; its root هدي ends in a weak letter that slips away before the plural ending, so the tell-tale kasrah is not on show — 'the ones who reach guidance'. L11 · R3