Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لِّ at the front of لِّمَا is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'for those' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. بَيْنَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ — the fixed ending this where-word always wears. L2 · R11

Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word, fixed in the accusative with its fathah ـَ — a small stroke above the last letter — that tells where. بَيْنَ 'between' is one of the high-frequency ones, chained to the words after it: paired with 'its two hands', it is the Arabic way of saying 'in front of it'. L26 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. يَدَيْ names such a thing: '(of) them', from the root يدي: a hand. L1 · R6

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. Most feminine nouns wear a visible marker — a ة at the end, a final ى, or اء — but يَدَيْ shows none of these: it is one of the words Arabic simply knows as feminine, learned with the word itself: '(of) them'. L2 · R2

Dual Noun · مثنىA dual noun refers to exactly two of something, marked by the ending ـَانِ in the subject role and ـَيْنِ otherwise. يَدَيْ wears that ـَيْ shape — its closing ن set aside because the word is chained to what follows: 'the two hands of it'. L2 · R5

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the owner's ending in an 'of' pairing, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. A dual word shows this role by its ـَيْ shape instead of a kasrah, and يَدَيْ wears exactly that shape — the genitive is the role it fills after the where-word بَيْنَ. L2 · R7

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. يَدَيْ fills that owner slot after بَيْنَ — 'between the two hands' — and the ending هَا chains on as a second owner: 'the two hands OF it'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so its genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending هَا on يَدَيْهَا is such a suffix, standing for 'it' — the punished village, spoken of as 'she'. L3 · R6

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَمَا is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'and those' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. خَلْفَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ — the fixed ending this where-word always wears. L2 · R11

Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word, fixed in the accusative with its fathah ـَ — a small stroke above the last letter — that tells where. خَلْفَ 'behind' is one of the high-frequency ones, chained to the word after it: 'BEHIND it' — those who came after. L26 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending هَا on خَلْفَهَا is such a suffix, standing for 'it' — the punished village, spoken of as 'she'. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The ending هَا fills that owner slot after the where-word خَلْفَ: 'the behind OF it'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَمَوْعِظَةًۭ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Noun · اسمA word that ends with the tā marbūtah ة is a noun, a naming word. مَوْعِظَةً names an admonition, from the root وعظ — to admonish, warn, advise, exhortation. L1 · R3

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. مَوْعِظَةً carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: 'and an admonition'. L2 · R1

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. مَوْعِظَةً carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'and an admonition'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. مَوْعِظَةً carries that doubled fathah ـً on its ة, the same ending as the deterrent it is joined to by وَ. L2 · R11

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لِّ at the front of لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مُتَّقِينَ is such a naming word: 'for those who fear (Allah)', from the root وقي: to fear Allah, guard against evil, consciousness of Allah, piety. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. Even as a plural, لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is a masculine noun; its ending is the 'sound' plural ending Arabic reserves for masculine nouns. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more of something. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ closes with exactly such an ending: not one, but a whole group. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the 'after-of / after-preposition' family of endings a noun — a naming word — can wear; on most nouns it is shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the final letter. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ wears its genitive inside that shared plural ending. L2 · R7

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below — before its last root letter. مُتَّقِ shows both: the مُ at its front and the kasrah on its ق — 'those who DO the guarding of themselves'. L11 · R3