And [recall] when We said, "Enter this city [i.e., Jerusalem] and eat from it wherever you will in [ease and] abundance, and enter the gate bowing humbly and say, 'Relieve us of our burdens [i.e., sins].' We will [then] forgive your sins for you, and We will increase the doers of good [in goodness and reward]."
Sahih International
Grammar, phrase by phrase
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا
(And [recall] when We said,)
Root قول — to say, speak, tell · 1,722 times in the Quran
وَإِذْword 1
Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَإِذْ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4
Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word that anchors a sentence to the time its action happens. إِذْ means 'when — back then', pointing to a moment already past: the command to enter the city. L16 · R9
قُلْنَاword 2
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قُلْ speaks of an action already carried out: 'We said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On قُلْنَا that ending is نَا, telling exactly who is meant: 'We said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قُلْ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَا · 'us/our' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — قُلْنَا — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا is that doer, 'We'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4
ٱدْخُلُوا۟ هَـٰذِهِ ٱلْقَرْيَةَ
(…"Enter this city)
Root دخل — to enter · 126 times in the Quran
Root قري — town, township · 57 times in the Quran
ٱدْخُلُوا۟word 3
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ٱدْخُلُ is a command: 'Enter', from the root دخل: to enter. L1 · R7
Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix and adding a helping ٱ when what remains starts with a vowelless letter. ٱدْخُلُوا۟ shows that helping ٱ at its front, commanding a group — the ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all': enter! L10 · R1
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ٱدْخُلُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all' — the ones told to enter; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
هَـٰذِهِword 4
Demonstrative Pronoun · اسم إشارةA demonstrative pronoun is a pointing word that singles out a specific thing, near or far. هَٰذِهِ points to something near, in its 'she' form: 'this' — the city right before them; pointing words keep one fixed shape whatever their role. L3 · R8
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the letter. 'This' — the city — is what the commanded entering lands on; a pointing word keeps one fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R3
ٱلْقَرْيَةَword 5
Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْقَرْيَةَ. L2 · R9
Noun · اسمA word that ends with the tā marbūtah ة is a noun, a naming word. قَرْيَةَ names a town, from the root قري — town, township. L1 · R3
Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. قَرْيَةَ carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: 'town'. L2 · R1
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. قَرْيَةَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11
Apposition (Badal) · بدلApposition (badal) is a second naming word that renames the one before it to make it clearer, matching it in ending. ٱلْقَرْيَةَ 'the town' spells out what هَٰذِهِ 'this' points at, and it carries the same landed-on role — its fathah ـَ on show. L7 · R4
The correct opinion is that this city was Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), as As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi' bin Anas, Qatadah and others stated — though some scholars said it was Jericho.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:58
فَكُلُوا۟ مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًۭا
(…and eat from it wherever you will in [ease and] abundance,)
Root اكل — to eat, consume · 109 times in the Quran
Root حيث — where, whereat, in the place where · 31 times in the Quran
Root شيا — to will, wish; thing · 519 times in the Quran
Root رغد — to eat freely, abundance, plentiful provision · 3 times in the Quran
فَكُلُوا۟word 6
Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix فَ at the front of فَكُلُوا۟ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and then' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. كُلُ is a command: 'then eat', from the root اكل: to eat, consume. L1 · R7
Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix. كُلُوا۟ is that command shape aimed at a group — its ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all': eat! L10 · R1
Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and in the command shape that hamza may be cut away — كُلْ 'Eat!' from أَكَلَ is the classic case. كُلُوا۟ is exactly that trimmed command: the root's opening hamza is gone, leaving only ك and ل on the page. L24 · R12
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — فَكُلُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
مِنْهَاword 7
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هَا · 'her/her' hangs on the little relation-word in مِنْهَا, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6
حَيْثُword 8
Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word that tells WHERE the action happens. حَيْثُ means 'wherever' — it opens the eating to any spot in the town they wished; the word keeps one fixed written shape, ending in the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl above its last letter. L26 · R1
شِئْتُمْword 9
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. شِئْ speaks of an action already carried out: 'you wish[ed]', from the root شيا: to will, wish; thing. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On شِئْتُمْ that ending is تُمْ, telling exactly who is meant: 'you wish[ed]', from the root شيا: to will, wish; thing. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of شِئْ is شيا: to will, wish; thing — and its middle letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4
Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and the hamza's written seat changes with its surroundings. In شِئْتُمْ the root's hamza sits on a yā-shaped seat — the ئْ — in the middle of the word. L24 · R11
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. تُمْ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — شِئْتُمْ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending تُمْ is that doer, 'you all'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4
رَغَدًۭاword 10
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. رَغَدًا names such a thing: 'abundantly', from the root رغد: to eat freely, abundance, plentiful provision. L1 · R6
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is a naming word left general — not pinned to one known thing by the definite article ال ('the') — and it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. رَغَدًا carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled: 'abundantly'. L2 · R8
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. رَغَدًا carries that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11
Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that adds a quality to what it belongs with. رَغَدًا adds 'abundant, free and easy' to the eating just commanded — eat plentifully — wearing the doubled fathah ـً of its indefinite, landed-on role. L7 · R1
So far: “And [recall] when We said, "Enter this city [i.e., Jerusalem] and eat from it wherever you will in [ease and] abundance,”
وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًۭا
(…and enter the gate bowing humbly)
Root دخل — to enter · 126 times in the Quran
Root بوب — gate, door · 27 times in the Quran
Root سجد — to prostrate · 92 times in the Quran
وَٱدْخُلُوا۟word 11
Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ٱدْخُلُ is a command: 'and enter', from the root دخل: to enter. L1 · R7
Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix and adding a helping ٱ when what remains starts with a vowelless letter. ٱدْخُلُوا۟ shows that helping ٱ at its front, commanding a group — the ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all'. L10 · R1
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
ٱلْبَابَword 12
Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْبَابَ. L2 · R9
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. بَابَ names such a thing: 'the gate', from the root بوب: gate, door. L1 · R6
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. ٱلْبَابَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. بَابَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ above its last letter. The gate is what the commanded entering passes through. L9 · R3
سُجَّدًۭاword 13
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. سُجَّدًا names such a thing: 'prostrating', from the root سجد: to prostrate. L1 · R6
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. سُجَّدًۭا carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. سُجَّد is such a reshaped plural of سَاجِد 'one bowing down': many bowing, with no added plural ending. L2 · R6
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. سُجَّدًا carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'prostrating'. L2 · R8
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. سُجَّدًا carries that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11
Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer of the action. Its singular here is سَاجِد, on the doer-naming pattern فَاعِل — 'one who bows down'; سُجَّدًا gathers many such doers of the bowing. L11 · R1
Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl adds the state during the action, and the sentence still stands complete without it — in وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا 'enter the gate bowing', removing سُجَّدًا still leaves a whole command. It answers 'in what state should you enter?': bowing down. L21 · R8
When the Children of Israel conquered the holy land they were commanded to enter its gate 'prostrating' — Ibn 'Abbas said, 'while bowing' — in appreciation to Allah for making them victorious and saving them from wandering.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:58
وَقُولُوا۟ حِطَّةٌۭ
(…and say, 'Relieve us of our burdens,')
Root قول — to say, speak, tell · 1,722 times in the Quran
Root حطط — to put down, lay down (a burden); to forgive, remit (sins) · 2 times in the Quran
وَقُولُوا۟word 14
Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَقُولُوا۟ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قُولُ is a command: 'And say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7
Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix. قُولُوا۟ is that command shape aimed at a group — its ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all': say! L10 · R1
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters. The root of قُولُ is قول: its middle letter is the weak letter و, standing here in plain view as the long و of قُولُوا۟. L24 · R4
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — وَقُولُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4
حِطَّةٌۭword 15
Noun · اسمA word that ends with the tā marbūtah ة is a noun, a naming word. حِطَّةٌ names an unburdening — 'relief from sins' — from the root حطط, to put down, lay down a burden; to forgive, remit sins. L1 · R3
Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. حِطَّةٌ carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: 'Repentance'. L2 · R1
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is a naming word left general — not pinned to one known thing by the definite article ال ('the') — and it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. حِطَّةٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled: 'Repentance'. L2 · R8
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or its telling part in a sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. حِطَّةٌ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10
Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about a topic, standing in the nominative — shown here by the doubled ḍammah ـٌ on حِطَّةٌ. In this one-word plea the topic goes unspoken and the telling part alone is voiced: '[our plea is] unburdening' — relieve us of our sins. L6 · R3
'And say: Hittah' — Ibn 'Abbas commented, 'Seek Allah's forgiveness'; Al-Hasan and Qatadah said it means, 'Say: Relieve us from our errors.'
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:58
نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَـٰيَـٰكُمْ ۚ
(…We will [then] forgive your sins for you,)
Root غفر — to forgive, pardon · 234 times in the Quran
Root خطا — to sin, commit a sin, error · 22 times in the Quran
نَّغْفِرْword 16
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. نَّغْفِرْ is an action unfolding now: 'We will forgive', from the root غفر: to forgive, pardon. L1 · R7
Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb is the verb shape that opens with one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت; small helper words before it can bend its time and mood. نَّغْفِرْ wears that present-tense shape, opening with exactly such a letter: 'We will forgive', from the root غفر: to forgive, pardon. L8 · R3
Jussive Mood · الفعل المجزومThe jussive is one of the three moods of a present tense verb — the cut-down mood, marked by a sukūn ـْ, the small circle above the last letter meaning the sound stops there. نَّغْفِرْ ends in exactly that sukūn ـْ, standing as what follows on obeying the command: say it — 'We will forgive you'. L10 · R8
لَكُمْword 17
Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَ at the front of لَكُمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1
Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a stand-in word for 'you/he/they'. كُمْ here stands for 'you all'; though the label reads it as a standalone word, it is written joined onto the little word لَ and works like the glued-on 'you' endings, governed by that لَ. L3 · R7
خَطَـٰيَـٰكُمْ ۚword 18
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. خَطَٰيَٰ names such a thing: 'your sins', from the root خطا: to sin, commit a sin, error. L1 · R6
Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. خَطَٰيَٰ is such a reshaped plural: many sins, with no added plural ending. L2 · R6
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. خَطَٰيَٰ ends in a long bent sound that carries no vowel mark, so nothing shows on the page — the accusative is the role the word fills here. L2 · R11
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ above the last letter. Your sins are what the promised forgiving lands on; this word's ending carries no visible mark, so the accusative here is the role, not a sign on show. L9 · R3
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending كُمْ on خَطَٰيَٰكُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'your': YOUR sins. L3 · R6
Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The ending كُمْ fills that owner slot: 'the sins OF you'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5
Here is the reward for fulfilling Allah's commandment: 'If you implement what We commanded you, We will forgive your sins and multiply your good deeds.'
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:58
وَسَنَزِيدُ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ
(…and We will increase the doers of good.")
Root زيد — to increase, to add · 61 times in the Quran
Root حسن — good · 194 times in the Quran
وَسَنَزِيدُword 19
Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَسَنَزِيدُ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1
Future Particle · حرف استقبالA future particle pushes a present tense verb's meaning into the future — 'will'. The prefix سَ, glued directly onto نَزِيدُ, is the near-future one, and the verb keeps its normal ending, the ḍammah ـُ — a small curl — on its last letter. L10 · R3
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. نَزِيدُ is an action unfolding now: 'And We will increase', from the root زيد: to increase, to add. L1 · R7
Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. نَزِيدُ opens with the prefix نَ — the letter for 'we' — always standing before the root letters; with the سَ before it, the increasing is promised for what lies ahead. L8 · R3
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters. In the past tense such 'hollow' verbs hide their middle letter behind a long alif, but the present tense reveals it: نَزِيدُ shows the root's true middle letter ي standing plainly — the root is زيد. L24 · R4
ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَword 20
Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ. L2 · R9
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مُحْسِنِينَ is such a naming word: 'the good-doers (in reward)', from the root حسن: good. L1 · R6
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. Even as a plural, ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is a masculine noun; its ending is the 'sound' plural ending Arabic reserves for masculine nouns. L2 · R3
Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more of something. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ closes with exactly such an ending: not one, but a whole group. L2 · R6
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the landed-on ending, usually a fathah ـَ — a small stroke above the letter. Words with the ـُونَ/ـِينَ plural ending show their case differently: only the subject form ـُونَ looks distinct, and ـِينَ serves for the accusative. The ـِينَ on مُحْسِنِينَ is that accusative form here. L2 · R7
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — shown for this plural type by its ـِينَ ending. The doers of good are the ones the promised increase will reach. L9 · R3
Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer of the action; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below — before its last root letter. مُحْسِنِ shows both: the مُ at its front and the kasrah on its س — 'those who DO good'. L11 · R3
Upon achieving victory, the Children of Israel were commanded to submit to Allah in tongue and deed, admit their sins and seek forgiveness, and be grateful — hastening to the deeds Allah loves.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:58
So far: “And [recall] when We said, "Enter this city [i.e., Jerusalem] and eat from it wherever you will in [ease and] abundance, and enter the gate bowing humbly and say, 'Relieve us of our burdens [i.e., sins].' We will [then] forgive your sins for you, and We will increase the doers of good [in goodness and reward]."”