Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ٱدْخُلُ names an action — entering — from the root دخل, to enter. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix and adding a helping ٱ when what remains starts with a vowelless letter. ٱدْخُلُوا۟ shows that helping ٱ at its front, commanding a group — the ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all': enter! L10 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on ٱدْخُلُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all' — the ones told to enter; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Demonstrative Pronoun · اسم إشارةA demonstrative pronoun is a pointing word that singles out a specific thing, near or far. هَٰذِهِ points to something near, in its 'she' form: 'this' — the city right before them; pointing words keep one fixed shape whatever their role. L3 · R8

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the letter. 'This' — the city — is what the commanded entering lands on; a pointing word keeps one fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R3

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ال attached to the front of a naming word to mean 'the' — one specific, known one. ٱلْقَرْيَةَ wears that prefix: 'the town'. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that ends with the tā marbūtah ة is a noun, a naming word. قَرْيَةَ names a town, from the root قري — town, township. L1 · R3

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she', typically marked by a ة at its end. قَرْيَةَ ends in exactly that ة — matching the 'she'-form pointing word هَٰذِهِ before it. L2 · R1

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. قَرْيَةَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Apposition (Badal) · بدلApposition (badal) is a second naming word that renames the one before it to make it clearer, matching it in ending. ٱلْقَرْيَةَ 'the town' spells out what هَٰذِهِ 'this' points at, and it carries the same landed-on role — its fathah ـَ on show. L7 · R4

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word that ties one command to another. The prefix فَ 'and then' joins the eating to the entering. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. كُلُ names an action — eating — from the root اكل, to eat, consume. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix. كُلُوا۟ is that command shape aimed at a group — its ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all': eat! L10 · R1

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and in the command shape that hamza may be cut away — كُلْ 'Eat!' from أَكَلَ is the classic case. كُلُوا۟ is exactly that trimmed command: the root's opening hamza is gone, leaving only ك and ل on the page. L24 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on فَكُلُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. مِنْ is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. مِنْ 'from' is one of the common prepositions: eat 'from it'. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending هَا on مِنْهَا stands for 'it' — the town, a 'she'-word in Arabic. L3 · R6

Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word that tells WHERE the action happens. حَيْثُ means 'wherever' — it opens the eating to any spot in the town they wished; the word keeps one fixed written shape, ending in the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl above its last letter. L26 · R1

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. شِئْ names an action — wishing, willing — from the root شيا, to will, wish. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already settled, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending تُمْ — the 'you all' marker — sits on شِئْتُمْ: 'you wished'. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters, and those weak letters love to vanish. شِئْ looks too short for a three-letter root: the weak middle letter of شيا has dropped out, and the kasrah ـِ — the small stroke below the ش — is its leftover fingerprint. L24 · R13

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and the hamza's written seat changes with its surroundings. In شِئْتُمْ the root's hamza sits on a yā-shaped seat — the ئْ — in the middle of the word. L24 · R11

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending تُمْ on شِئْتُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending تُمْ is that doer, 'you all'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. رَغَدًا carries the doubled fathah ـً and names abundance, from the root رغد — to eat freely; abundance, plentiful provision. L1 · R2

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' — no particular one — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. رَغَدًا carries the doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. رَغَدًا carries that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that adds a quality to what it belongs with. رَغَدًا adds 'abundant, free and easy' to the eating just commanded — eat plentifully — wearing the doubled fathah ـً of its indefinite, landed-on role. L7 · R1

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one command to another. The prefix وَ joins this command about the gate to the commands before it. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ٱدْخُلُ names an action — entering — from the root دخل, to enter. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix and adding a helping ٱ when what remains starts with a vowelless letter. ٱدْخُلُوا۟ shows that helping ٱ at its front, commanding a group — the ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all'. L10 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ال attached to the front of a naming word to mean 'the' — one specific, known one. ٱلْبَابَ wears that prefix: 'the gate', the known gate of the city. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. بَابَ names the gate, from the root بوب — gate, door. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. بَابَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ above its last letter. The gate is what the commanded entering passes through. L9 · R3

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. سُجَّدًا carries the doubled fathah ـً and names people bowing down, from the root سجد, to prostrate. L1 · R2

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. سُجَّد is such a reshaped plural of سَاجِد 'one bowing down': many bowing, with no added plural ending. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' — no particular one — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. سُجَّدًا carries the doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. سُجَّدًا carries that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer of the action. Its singular here is سَاجِد, on the doer-naming pattern فَاعِل — 'one who bows down'; سُجَّدًا gathers many such doers of the bowing. L11 · R1

Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl adds the state during the action, and the sentence still stands complete without it — in وَٱدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْبَابَ سُجَّدًا 'enter the gate bowing', removing سُجَّدًا still leaves a whole command. It answers 'in what state should you enter?': bowing down. L21 · R8

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one command to another. The prefix وَ joins the saying to the entering: enter bowing AND say. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. قُولُ names an action — saying — from the root قول, to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix. قُولُوا۟ is that command shape aimed at a group — its ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all': say! L10 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters. The root of قُولُ is قول: its middle letter is the weak letter و, standing here in plain view as the long و of قُولُوا۟. L24 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on وَقُولُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Noun · اسمA word that ends with the tā marbūtah ة is a noun, a naming word. حِطَّةٌ names an unburdening — 'relief from sins' — from the root حطط, to put down, lay down a burden; to forgive, remit sins. L1 · R3

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she', typically marked by a ة at its end. حِطَّةٌ ends in exactly that ة. L2 · R1

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' — no particular one named — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. حِطَّةٌ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or its telling part in a sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. حِطَّةٌ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about a topic, standing in the nominative — shown here by the doubled ḍammah ـٌ on حِطَّةٌ. In this one-word plea the topic goes unspoken and the telling part alone is voiced: '[our plea is] unburdening' — relieve us of our sins. L6 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. نَّغْفِرْ names an action — forgiving — from the root غفر, to forgive, pardon. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. نَّغْفِرْ opens with the prefix ن — the letter for 'we' — always standing before the root letters: a forgiving yet to come. L8 · R3

Jussive Mood · الفعل المجزومThe jussive is one of the three moods of a present tense verb — the cut-down mood, marked by a sukūn ـْ, the small circle above the last letter meaning the sound stops there. نَّغْفِرْ ends in exactly that sukūn ـْ, standing as what follows on obeying the command: say it — 'We will forgive you'. L10 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix لَ 'to/for' is one of the common prepositions: forgive 'for you'. L4 · R2

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a stand-in word for 'you/he/they'. كُمْ here stands for 'you all'; though the label reads it as a standalone word, it is written joined onto the little word لَ and works like the glued-on 'you' endings, governed by that لَ. L3 · R7

Noun · اسمA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. خَطَٰيَٰ names sins — errors — from the root خطا, to sin, commit a sin, error. L1 · R6

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. خَطَٰيَٰ is such a reshaped plural: many sins, with no added plural ending. L2 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. خَطَٰيَٰ ends in a long bent sound that carries no vowel mark, so nothing shows on the page — the accusative is the role the word fills here. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ above the last letter. Your sins are what the promised forgiving lands on; this word's ending carries no visible mark, so the accusative here is the role, not a sign on show. L9 · R3

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending كُمْ on خَطَٰيَٰكُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'your': YOUR sins. L3 · R7

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The ending كُمْ fills that owner slot: 'the sins OF you'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix وَ here opens a further promise beyond the forgiving: 'And We will increase…'. L14 · R1

Future Particle · حرف استقبالA future particle pushes a present tense verb's meaning into the future — 'will'. The prefix سَ, glued directly onto نَزِيدُ, is the near-future one, and the verb keeps its normal ending, the ḍammah ـُ — a small curl — on its last letter. L10 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. نَزِيدُ names an action — increasing — from the root زيد, to increase, to add. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. نَزِيدُ opens with the prefix نَ — the letter for 'we' — always standing before the root letters; with the سَ before it, the increasing is promised for what lies ahead. L8 · R3

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters. In the past tense such 'hollow' verbs hide their middle letter behind a long alif, but the present tense reveals it: نَزِيدُ shows the root's true middle letter ي standing plainly — the root is زيد. L24 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ال attached to the front of a naming word to mean 'the' — one specific, known group. ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ wears that prefix: 'the doers of good'. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. مُحْسِنِينَ names the doers of good, from the root حسن, good. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); مُحْسِنِينَ wears that ـِينَ ending: many doers of good. L2 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the landed-on ending, usually a fathah ـَ — a small stroke above the letter. Words with the ـُونَ/ـِينَ plural ending show their case differently: only the subject form ـُونَ looks distinct, and ـِينَ serves for the accusative. The ـِينَ on مُحْسِنِينَ is that accusative form here. L2 · R7

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — shown for this plural type by its ـِينَ ending. The doers of good are the ones the promised increase will reach. L9 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer of the action; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below — before its last root letter. مُحْسِنِ shows both: the مُ at its front and the kasrah on its س — 'those who DO good'. L11 · R3