Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَأَنزَلْنَا is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أَنزَلْ speaks of an action already carried out: 'and We sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On وَأَنزَلْنَا that ending is نَا, telling exactly who is meant: 'and We sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L8 · R2

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. أَنزَلْ carries that added hamza at its front: 'and We sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَا · 'us/our' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — وَأَنزَلْنَا — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا is that doer, 'We'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is one of these relation-words — it is عَلَىٰ 'on' in the shape it takes when a suffix is fastened to its end. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. كُمُ · 'you all/your' hangs on the little relation-word in عَلَيْكُمُ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْمَنَّ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مَنَّ names such a thing: '[the] manna', from the root منن: to bestow, favor, to remind of favors. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. ٱلْمَنَّ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. مَنَّ ends in that fathah ـَ, sitting above its doubled final letter. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ above its last letter. The manna is what the sending-down delivered. L9 · R3

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلسَّلْوَىٰ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. Because the next letter, س, is one of the fourteen 'sun-letters' — letters made in the same part of the mouth as ل itself, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — the ل of the prefix melts into it and doubles it, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped doubling mark written above the letter: وَٱلسَّلْوَىٰ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. سَّلْوَىٰ names the quails, from the root سلو — quail, quails. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word is treated as 'he' — a masculine noun, the default when Arabic does not treat a naming word as 'she'. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. سَّلْوَىٰ ends in the bent letter ىٰ, which carries no vowel mark, so nothing shows on the page — the accusative is the role the word fills, joined to ٱلْمَنَّ which shows it plainly. L2 · R11

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. كُلُ is a command: 'Eat', from the root اكل: to eat, consume. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix. كُلُوا۟ is that command shape aimed at a group — its ending وا۟ points the order at 'you all': eat! L10 · R1

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and in the command shape that hamza may be cut away — كُلْ 'Eat!' from أَكَلَ is the classic case. كُلُوا۟ is exactly that trimmed command: the root's opening hamza is gone, leaving only ك and ل on the page. L24 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — كُلُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'you all' — the ones told to eat; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِن · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِن · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA word whose final vowel mark changes with its job in the sentence is a noun, a naming word. طَيِّبَٰتِ names good things, from the root طيب, to be good, pure, wholesome. L1 · R5

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. طَيِّبَٰتِ closes with the sound feminine plural ending ـَات — the ending Arabic adds to name three or more of something feminine — and that plural ending marks the word as feminine: '(the) good things'. L2 · R6

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural marks this by adding the ending ـَات to the word: طَيِّبَٰتِ 'good things', many of them. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. طَيِّبَٰتِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: طَيِّبَـٰتِ. L2 · R12

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'that' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهArabic says 'of' by chaining two naming words directly together: طَيِّبَـٰتِ مَا reads '(the) good things — that'. مَا fills the owner slot — the second position of the chain, the position that carries the genitive, the after-'of' ending usually shown by a kasrah ـِ (a small slanted stroke below the letter) — though this word is one of the fixed-shape words whose ending never changes to show it. L5 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. رَزَقْ speaks of an action already carried out: 'We have provided you', from the root رزق: to provide, necessaries of life, good, grant, bestow. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On رَزَقْنَـٰكُمْ that ending is نَٰ, telling exactly who is meant: 'We have provided you', from the root رزق: to provide, necessaries of life, good, grant, bestow. L8 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَٰ · 'us/our' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — رَزَقْنَـٰكُمْ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَٰ is that doer, 'We'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the letter. The ending كُمْ 'you all' is whom the providing reached; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَمَا opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مَا · 'not/what' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not', which flips a statement to its opposite; مَا is the one that negates past-tense statements. Here it denies the wronging of Us: they did NOT wrong Us. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ظَلَمُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they wronged Us', from the root ظلم: to do wrong or evil, to wrong, to treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress, harm, suppress, tyrannise. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On ظَلَمُونَا that ending is و, telling exactly who is meant: 'they wronged Us', from the root ظلم: to do wrong or evil, to wrong, to treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress, harm, suppress, tyrannise. L8 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. و · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ظَلَمُونَا — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و on ظَلَمُونَا is that doer, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the letter. The ending نَا 'Us' is where the denied wronging would have landed; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَلَـٰكِن opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Retraction Particle (بَلْ / لَٰكِن) · حرف إضراب واستدراكA retraction particle steers the sentence in a new direction after what was just said; لَٰكِن 'but' — written without a shaddah and changing no endings — softens and corrects: not Us did they wrong, BUT their own selves. L20 · R18

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. كَانُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they were', from the root كون: to be, exist, happen. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On كَانُوٓا۟ that ending is وٓا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they were', from the root كون: to be, exist, happen. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of كَانُ is كون: to be, exist, happen — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Kāna Verb · كان وأخواتهاكَانَ and its sisters are incomplete verbs: they need both a subject and a telling part to finish their meaning — 'they were' — WHAT? كَانُوٓا۟ here waits for its completion: '…wronging themselves'. L18 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وٓا۟ on كَانُوٓا۟ stands for 'they' — the ones the 'were'-statement is about; كَانَ keeps this subject of its own in the nominative, the subject's form usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the letter, but a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the nominative is the role it fills. L3 · R6

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَنفُسَ names such a thing: '(to) themselves', from the root نفس: soul, self, person; one's own self. L1 · R6

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. أَنفُسَ is a plural built by reshaping its word from the inside rather than by adding an ending, and it wears no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — yet Arabic treats it as feminine: '(to) themselves'. L2 · R2

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. أَنفُسَ is such a reshaped plural of نَفْس 'soul': many selves, with no added plural ending. L2 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. أَنفُسَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ above the س. Their own selves, placed even before the verb of wronging, are what that wronging fell upon. L9 · R3

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending هُمْ on أَنفُسَهُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'their': THEIR selves. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The ending هُمْ fills that owner slot: 'the selves OF them'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَظْلِمُ is an action unfolding now: 'doing wrong', from the root ظلم: to do wrong or evil, to wrong, to treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress, harm, suppress, tyrannise. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَظْلِمُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'doing wrong', from the root ظلم: to do wrong or evil, to wrong, to treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress, harm, suppress, tyrannise. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَظْلِمُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَظْلِمُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ names the doers of the wronging, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4