Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ءَاتَيْ speaks of an action already carried out: 'We gave', from the root اتي: to come, bring, give. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On ءَاتَيْنَا that ending is نَا, telling exactly who is meant: 'We gave', from the root اتي: to come, bring, give. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of ءَاتَيْ is اتي: to come, bring, give — and its last letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and the hamza's changing written seat can disguise the root. The root of ءَاتَيْ is اتي, beginning with a hamza — it stands here inside the long-sounding opening ءَا. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. ءَاتَيْ carries that added hamza at its front: 'We gave', from the root اتي: to come, bring, give. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَا · 'us/our' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ءَاتَيْنَا — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا is that doer, 'We'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. مُوسَى is a proper name: 'Musa'. L1 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. مُوسَى ends in the bent letter ى, which carries no vowel mark, so nothing shows on the page — the accusative is the role the name fills here. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ above the last letter. Musa is the one the giving reached; his name's bent ending ى shows no mark, so the accusative here is the role, not a visible sign. L9 · R3

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. كِتَٰبَ names such a thing: 'the Book', from the root كتب: to write, prescribe, decree; book, scripture. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. كِتَٰبَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ above its last letter. The Book is what the giving delivered. L9 · R3

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلْفُرْقَانَ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): وَٱلْفُرْقَانَ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. فُرْقَانَ names such a thing: 'and the Criterion', from the root فرق: to separate, divide, distinguish; criterion, group. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. وَٱلْفُرْقَانَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. فُرْقَانَ ends in that fathah ـَ, matching the Book it is joined to. L2 · R11

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعللَعَلَّ — one of the family of particles that sit before a topic-plus-comment sentence, each carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ, seen here on its لَّ — expresses hope or expectation, 'perhaps / so that'; in Allah's speech it typically reveals the purpose behind His act: the Book was given SO THAT you might be guided. L15 · R8

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending كُمْ on لَعَلَّكُمْ stands for 'you all' — the ones the hope is spoken over; this particle family pushes its topic into the accusative, the form usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the letter, but a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the accusative is the role it fills. L3 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَهْتَدُ is an action unfolding now: '(would be) guided', from the root هدي: to guide, show the right path. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَهْتَدُ opens with exactly such a letter: '(would be) guided', from the root هدي: to guide, show the right path. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. تَهْتَدُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of تَهْتَدُ is هدي: to guide, show the right path — and its last letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Form VIII Verb · اِفْتَعَلَA Form VIII verb tucks a ت inside, right after the first root letter, usually giving a do-it-oneself sense. In تَهْتَدُ that tucked تَ stands right after the root's first letter ه: to take guidance for oneself — 'be guided'. L13 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — تَهْتَدُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ names the doers of the hoped-for guidance-taking, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4