Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. فَرَقْ names an action — parting, splitting — from the root فرق, to separate, divide, distinguish. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending نَا — the 'We' marker — sits on فَرَقْنَا: 'We parted', an act already done. L8 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending نَا on فَرَقْنَا is such a suffix, standing for 'We'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا on فَرَقْنَا is that doer, 'We'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix بِ 'with/for' is one of the common prepositions: the sea was parted 'for you'. L4 · R2

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a stand-in word for 'you/he/they'. كُمُ here stands for 'you all'; though the label reads it as a standalone word, it is written joined onto the little word بِ and works like the glued-on 'you' endings, governed by that بِ: 'for you'. L3 · R7

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ال attached to the front of a naming word to mean 'the' — one specific, known one. ٱلْبَحْرَ wears that prefix: 'the sea', the very sea before them. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. بَحْرَ names the sea, from the root بحر, sea. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. بَحْرَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ above its last letter. The sea is what the parting fell upon. L9 · R3

Causal Particle · فاء السببيةThe causal فَ ties an action to what brought it about — 'so, and thereby'. Because the sea was parted, the saving followed through it: 'and thereby We saved you'. L14 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَنجَيْ names an action — saving, delivering — from the root نجو, to save, deliver, rescue. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending نَٰ — the 'We' marker — sits on أَنجَيْنَٰكُمْ: 'We saved', already done; the أَ at the verb's front is not a tense marker but belongs to the verb's form. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters, and those weak letters love to change shape or vanish. The root of أَنجَيْ is نجو: its final weak letter does not appear as و here — it surfaces as the يْ before the ending. L24 · R2

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb adds a hamzah to the front of the root, usually meaning causing the action to happen. أَنجَيْ shows that added أَ before the root letters: We caused you to escape — 'We saved you'. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. Two are stacked on this verb: نَٰ standing for 'We' and كُمْ standing for 'you all' — one written word carries who saved and who was saved. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَٰ is that doer, 'We'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the letter. The ending كُمْ 'you all' is whom the saving reached; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one action to another. The prefix وَ joins the drowning to the saving — one people delivered, the other destroyed in the same waters. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَغْرَقْ names an action — drowning — from the root غرق, to sink, drown. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending نَآ — the 'We' marker — sits on أَغْرَقْنَآ: 'We drowned', already done; the أَ at the verb's front is not a tense marker but belongs to the verb's form. L8 · R2

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb adds a hamzah to the front of the root, usually meaning causing the action to happen. أَغْرَقْ shows that added أَ before the root letters: the root means to sink, and this form means We made them sink — 'We drowned' them. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending نَآ on أَغْرَقْنَآ is such a suffix, standing for 'We'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَآ is that doer, 'We'; an attached pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Noun · اسمA word whose final vowel mark changes with its job in the sentence is a noun, a naming word. ءَالَ names a people — the family and followers. L1 · R5

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. ءَالَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ above its last letter. The people of Pharaoh are whom the drowning fell upon. L9 · R3

Noun · اسمA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea — including proper names. فِرْعَوْنَ is the proper name of the ruler of Egypt, Pharaoh. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the owner-or-after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter. فِرْعَوْنَ is a non-Arabic proper name, one of the partially flexible nouns that never take tanwīn and show their genitive with a fathah ـَ — a small stroke above the letter — instead of the kasrah; that fathah is what is written on its end here. L2 · R14

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ below the last letter. فِرْعَوْنَ is that second, owner word: 'the people OF Pharaoh' — on this foreign name the genitive shows itself as a fathah ـَ rather than the usual kasrah. L5 · R5

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالThe circumstantial وَ means 'while', introducing a mini-sentence that describes the state things were in during the main action. The mark that identifies it here: a complete statement beginning with a pronoun — أَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ 'you were looking' — follows the وَ. L14 · R3

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/they'. أَنتُمْ is the standalone word for 'you all' — one of the twelve detached forms. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. أَنتُمْ 'you all' opens this while-statement as its topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L6 · R2

Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl describes the state someone was in while the action happened. Here it takes the shape of a whole mini-sentence introduced by the 'while'-وَ: the drowning happened 'while you were looking on' — eyewitnesses to the deliverance and the destruction. L21 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَنظُرُ names an action — looking — from the root نظر, to look upon, to see, to wait. L1 · R7

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it can be a complete verbal sentence. The topic was أَنتُمْ 'you all'; the verb-sentence تَنظُرُونَ 'were looking' is what is said about them — the inner sentence itself carries the information, with no separate 'is' needed. L6 · R4

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. تَنظُرُونَ opens with the prefix تَ — the letter for 'you' — always standing before the root letters: the looking pictured as it unfolded. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present tense shapes ending in نَ, where that نَ itself shows the mood: kept in the normal mood, dropped after trimming words. تَنظُرُونَ is the 'you all do' shape with its نَ kept. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending ونَ on تَنظُرُونَ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ names the doers of the looking, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4