Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يُؤْمِنُ is an action unfolding now: 'believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يُؤْمِنُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يُؤْمِنُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, shifting its written seat (أ/ؤ/ئ). From the root امن, the hamza surfaces here as the ؤ in يُؤْمِنُونَ. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters; in the present tense this form announces itself instead by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the letter — sitting on the verb's opening prefix letter. يُؤْمِنُ carries exactly that ḍammah ـُ on its opening letter: 'believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يُؤْمِنُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The ونَ ending on يُؤْمِنُونَ is that doer, 'they' — the ones believing; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِمَآ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَآ · 'in what' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أُنزِلَ speaks of an action already carried out: '(is) sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and أُنزِلَ is exactly that bare base: '(is) sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L8 · R1

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb hides who did the action by changing its inner vowels — the past فَعَلَ becomes فُعِلَ, with a ḍammah ـُ then a kasrah ـِ. أُنزِلَ shows the ḍammah ـُ on its first letter and the kasrah ـِ on the زِ, so it means 'was sent down' without naming the sender. L11 · R4

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. أُنزِلَ carries that added hamza at its front: '(is) sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L12 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. إِلَيْ · 'to/toward' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. إِلَيْ · 'to/toward' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. كَ · 'you/your' hangs on the little relation-word in إِلَيْكَ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَمَآ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَآ · 'and what' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أُنزِلَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'was sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and أُنزِلَ is exactly that bare base: 'was sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L8 · R1

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb hides who did the action by changing its inner vowels — فَعَلَ to فُعِلَ, with a ḍammah ـُ then a kasrah ـِ. أُنزِلَ shows the ḍammah ـُ on its first letter and the kasrah ـِ on the زِ: 'was sent down', without naming the sender. L11 · R4

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. أُنزِلَ carries that added hamza at its front: 'was sent down', from the root نزل: to come down, descend, send down, reveal. L12 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِن · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِن · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. قَبْلِ names such a thing: 'before you', from the root قبل: to be before, accept; direction faced. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. قَبْلِ stands right after such a little word and carries exactly that kasrah ـِ on its own final letter — tucked inside قَبْلِكَ, just before the small piece fastened to the word's end. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'you/your' glued onto the end of another word. The ending كَ on قَبْلِكَ is such a suffix, meaning 'you', fixing the time as 'before you'. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive chain joins two words into an 'of' phrase, and the second, the owner, takes the genitive. Here the attached كَ 'you' fills that owner slot on قَبْل 'before' — literally 'the before of you', that is, 'before you'. L5 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَبِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of وَبِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the naming word after it into the genitive, the ending marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and وَبِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L4 · R1

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): وَبِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱلْ ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names a thing, 'the Hereafter', from the root اخر, what is last and comes after. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. ءَاخِرَةِ carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: 'and in the Hereafter'. L2 · R1

Singular Noun · مفردA singular noun refers to exactly one thing. ءَاخِرَة names one thing — the single life to come, the Hereafter. L2 · R4

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. ءَاخِرَةِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: وَبِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ. L2 · R12

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُمْ is the standalone word 'they', naming the very group being described. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the noun a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, the 'topic form' usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. هُمْ 'they' stands as that topic here — a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one — and what follows ('are certain') tells us about them. L6 · R2

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يُوقِنُ is an action unfolding now: 'firmly believe', from the root يقن: to be certain, sure of. L1 · R7

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate tells you something about the topic, and it may be a whole verb-sentence. The sentence opened with the topic هُمْ 'they'; يُوقِنُونَ 'they are certain' is the information told about them — 'they are certain'. L6 · R6

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يُوقِنُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'firmly believe', from the root يقن: to be certain, sure of. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يُوقِنُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of يُوقِنُ is يقن: to be certain, sure of — and its first letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the front of the root. L24 · R3

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters; in the present tense this form announces itself instead by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the letter — sitting on the verb's opening prefix letter. يُوقِنُ carries exactly that ḍammah ـُ on its opening letter: 'firmly believe', from the root يقن: to be certain, sure of. L12 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يُوقِنُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The ونَ ending on يُوقِنُونَ is that doer, 'they' — the ones who are certain; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4