We said, "Go down from it, all of you. And when guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance - there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.
Sahih International
Grammar, phrase by phrase
قُلْنَا ٱهْبِطُوا۟ مِنْهَا جَمِيعًۭا ۖ
(We said, "Go down from it, all of you.)
Root قول — to say, speak, tell · 1,722 times in the Quran
Root هبط — to descend, fall, to cause to come down · 8 times in the Quran
Root جمع — to gather, assemble, collect · 129 times in the Quran
قُلْنَاword 1
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قُلْ speaks of an action already carried out: 'We said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On قُلْنَا that ending is نَا, telling exactly who is meant: 'We said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قُلْ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَا · 'us/our' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — قُلْنَا — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا on قُلْنَا is that doer, 'We'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4
ٱهْبِطُوا۟word 2
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ٱهْبِطُ is a command: 'Go down', from the root هبط: to descend, fall, to cause to come down. L1 · R7
Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its prefix and adding a helping ٱ when what remains starts with a vowelless letter. ٱهْبِطُوا۟ shows that helping ٱ, commanding a group: 'go down!' — the ending وا۟ pointing the order at 'you all'. L10 · R1
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ٱهْبِطُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on ٱهْبِطُوا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4
مِنْهَاword 3
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هَا · 'her/her' hangs on the little relation-word in مِنْهَا, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6
جَمِيعًۭا ۖword 4
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. جَمِيعًا names such a thing: 'all (of you)', from the root جمع: to gather, assemble, collect. L1 · R6
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. جَمِيعًۭا carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. جَمِيعًا carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'all (of you)'. L2 · R8
Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. جَمِيعًا ends in that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11
Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl describes the state someone is in while the action happens; it takes the accusative — here the doubled fathah ـً above its last letter — and is itself unmarked by ال. جَمِيعًا 'all together' describes the state in which they were to go down: as one whole group. L21 · R5
When Allah sent Adam, Hawwa', and Shaytan to earth from Paradise, He warned them that He would reveal Books and send Prophets and Messengers to them — that is, to their offspring.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:38
So far: “We said, "Go down from it, all of you.”
فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّى هُدًۭى
(…And when guidance comes to you from Me,)
Root اتي — to come, bring, give · 549 times in the Quran
Root هدي — to guide, show the right path · 316 times in the Quran
فَإِمَّاword 5
Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix فَ · 'then' at the front of فَإِمَّا opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1
Conditional Particle · أداة شرطA conditional particle sets up a two-part sentence: a condition and its result. إِمَّا 'when/if ever' opens the condition — guidance coming to you — whose result follows later, introduced by فَ. L16 · R1
يَأْتِيَنَّكُمword 6
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَأْتِيَ is an action unfolding now: 'comes to you', from the root اتي: to come, bring, give. L1 · R7
Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَأْتِيَ opens with exactly such a letter: 'comes to you', from the root اتي: to come, bring, give. L8 · R3
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of يَأْتِيَ is اتي: to come, bring, give — and its last letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7
Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and the hamza keeps changing its written seat, which can disguise the root. The root اتي begins with a hamza; in يَأْتِيَنَّكُم it sits on an alif seat carrying a sukūn ـْ — the small circle above the أْ. L24 · R11
Emphatic Lām & Nūn · لام التوكيد ونون التوكيدThe emphatic نَّ — a heavy نّ carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ, a small w-shaped mark — fastened onto the end of a verb presses down on the statement to say it really, surely happens. On يَأْتِيَنَّكُم it stresses the certainty: guidance SURELY comes. L20 · R14
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. كُم · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَأْتِيَنَّكُم — naming the one the action lands on. L3 · R6
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending كُم 'you all' is that object: the coming reaches you. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5
مِّنِّىword 7
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِّنِّ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِّنِّ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ى · 'me/my' hangs on the little relation-word in مِّنِّى, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6
هُدًۭىword 8
Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks — is a noun, a naming word. هُدًى carries the doubled mark ـً written above its د before the final bent ى, and names guidance, from the root هدي, to guide, show the right path. L1 · R2
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. هُدًى carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'Guidance'. L2 · R8
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. هُدًى ends in the bent alif ى, a letter whose shape never changes, so no ḍammah can appear — the nominative is the role the word fills as the subject of the coming. L2 · R10
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action of a verb, and it takes the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُدًى is the doer of the coming: the guidance itself is what comes to you. Its fixed bent ending ى shows no ḍammah, but the doer's nominative role is the one it fills. L9 · R2
Abu Al-'Aliyah said, "Al-Huda refers to the Prophets, Messengers, the clear signs and plain explanation."
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:38
فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَاىَ
(…whoever follows My guidance -)
Root تبع — to follow · 172 times in the Quran
Root هدي — to guide, show the right path · 316 times in the Quran
فَمَنword 9
Result Particle · فاء الجوابThe result فَ introduces the 'then' half of an 'if…, then…' pair, marking what follows from the condition. After 'when guidance comes to you from Me', this فَ opens what then holds: 'then whoever follows…'. L14 · R2
Conditional Particle · أداة شرطمَن 'whoever' is a conditional word: it sets up its own two-part pair — the condition, 'follows My guidance', and the result, 'no fear upon them'. Whoever meets the condition receives the promise. L16 · R3
تَبِعَword 10
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَبِعَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'follows', from the root تبع: to follow. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and تَبِعَ is exactly that bare base: 'follows', from the root تبع: to follow. L8 · R1
هُدَاىَword 11
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. هُدَا names such a thing: 'My Guidance', from the root هدي: to guide, show the right path. L1 · R6
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the subject's ending, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. هُدَا is marked with that nominative standing here; its ending is the long ا, a letter whose shape never changes, so no ḍammah appears on it — the nominative is the standing the word carries. L2 · R10
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action in a verb-first sentence, and it takes the nominative — usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُدَاىَ 'My guidance' carries that doer's nominative standing in this clause; its long ا ending never changes shape, so no ḍammah shows on it. L9 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'my' glued onto the end of another word. The ending ىَ on هُدَاىَ stands for 'My': 'MY guidance'. L3 · R6
Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending ىَ 'My' is that owner glued onto هُدَا: 'the guidance of Me'. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5
'And whoever follows My guidance' means whoever accepts what is contained in My Books and what I send the Messengers with.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:38
فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ
(…there will be no fear concerning them,)
Root خوف — to fear, be afraid · 124 times in the Quran
فَلَاword 12
Result Particle · فاء الجوابThe result فَ introduces the 'then' half of an 'if…, then…' pair. Here it delivers the promise owed to whoever follows the guidance: 'then no fear…'. L14 · R2
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. لَا · 'not/no' is such a helper. L1 · R9
Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not' or 'no', which flips a statement to its opposite. لَا here denies the whole statement that follows: 'NO fear will be upon them'. L4 · R5
خَوْفٌword 13
Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. خَوْفٌ names such a thing: 'fear', from the root خوف: to fear, be afraid. L1 · R6
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. خَوْفٌ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. خَوْفٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'fear'. L2 · R8
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or topic of its statement, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. خَوْفٌ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ as the topic of 'no fear is upon them'. L2 · R10
عَلَيْهِمْword 14
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is such a helper. L1 · R9
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is one of these relation-words — it is عَلَىٰ 'on' in the shape it takes when a suffix is fastened to its end. L4 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هِمْ · 'them/their' hangs on the little relation-word in عَلَيْهِمْ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6
'There shall be no fear on them' — regarding the Hereafter.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:38
وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ
(…nor will they grieve.)
Root حزن — to grieve · 42 times in the Quran
وَلَاword 15
Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَلَا is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. لَا · 'not/no' is such a helper. L1 · R9
Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not' or 'no', which flips a statement to its opposite. لَا here denies the second statement: 'nor will they grieve'. L4 · R5
هُمْword 16
Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/they'. هُمْ is the standalone word for 'they' — one of the twelve detached forms — naming those who follow the guidance. L3 · R2
يَحْزَنُونَword 17
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَحْزَنُ is an action unfolding now: 'will grieve', from the root حزن: to grieve. L1 · R7
Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَحْزَنُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'will grieve', from the root حزن: to grieve. L8 · R3
The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَحْزَنُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَحْزَنُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ of يَحْزَنُونَ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4
'Nor shall they grieve' — regarding the life of this world. Ibn 'Abbas commented on the parallel verse: "He will not be misguided in this life or miserable in the Hereafter."
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:38
So far: “We said, "Go down from it, all of you. And when guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance - there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.”