Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word like 'who/which' that hooks a whole describing sentence onto someone. ٱلَّذِينَ is the masculine plural form, 'those who', and what follows — 'believe and do righteous deeds' — tells who they are. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The good news of بَشِّرِ is given to ٱلَّذِينَ, 'those who…'; this word keeps one fixed written shape, so no fathah appears on it — the object role is carried by its place in the sentence. L9 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ءَامَنُوا۟ names an action — believing — from the root امن, to believe, faith, trust. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes a completed action, and who did it is shown by an ending glued to the verb's tail. On ءَامَنُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, the 'they' marker: 'they believed'. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of ءَامَنُوا۟ is امن, whose first letter is that hamza; here it fuses into the long-vowel opening ءَا, which can disguise the root. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb adds a hamza to the front of the root. In ءَامَنُوا۟ that added hamza has fused with the root's own first-letter hamza into the single long opening ءَا, so no separate prefix letter shows — the fused opening itself is the Form IV mark here. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on ءَامَنُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they' — those who believe. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on ءَامَنُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one item to another. The prefix وَ joins 'do righteous deeds' to 'believe' — the two marks of the same people. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. عَمِلُوا۟ names an action — doing, working — from the root عمل, to work, do, perform. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes a completed action, and who did it is shown by an ending glued to the verb's tail. On عَمِلُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, the 'they' marker: 'they did'. L8 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on عَمِلُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they' — those who do the deeds. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on عَمِلُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word to mark something specific and known. Here the ص is one of the fourteen 'solar' letters — letters made near where the ل itself is made, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — so the ص doubles, shown by the shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark above it. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱل ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names things: 'the righteous deeds', from the root صلح, to be good, right, sound. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she', typically marked by a ة at its end. This word is the plural of such a ة-marked word (صَالِحَة); in the plural that feminine marking lives on in the ending ـَات. L2 · R1

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural — the plural of a feminine naming word — is made by adding the ending ـَات, and ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ carries exactly that ending: the many righteous deeds. L2 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. But the sound feminine plural refuses that fathah: its accusative is shown instead by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter — on its ـَات ending, exactly what ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ shows. L2 · R7

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form; for this feminine plural that form shows as a kasrah ـِ (a small stroke below the last letter) rather than the usual fathah ـَ. The doing of عَمِلُوا۟ lands on ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ: the deeds they do. L9 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root on the pattern فَاعِل to name the doer or holder of the action. From the root صلح (to be good, right), this word is built on that pattern — deeds that are themselves right and sound. L11 · R1

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلThe particles حرف مشبه بالفعل are a family of six — إِنَّ, أَنَّ, and their sisters, each carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ, a small w-shaped mark — that sit before a topic-plus-comment sentence and push the topic into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form, while the comment stays as it was. أَنَّ means 'that', introducing the content of the good news: 'that they will have gardens'. L15 · R1

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word right after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix لَ means 'for': 'for them'. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُمْ is 'them' here, joined after the preposition لَ to say 'for them'. L3 · R2

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. جَنَّـٰتٍۢ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ and names things: gardens, from the root جنن, to cover, conceal; garden, paradise. L1 · R2

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she', typically marked by a ة at its end. This word is the plural of such a ة-marked word (جَنَّة, garden); in the plural that feminine marking lives on in the ending ـَات. L2 · R1

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural — the plural of a feminine naming word — adds the ending ـَات, and جَنَّـٰتٍۢ carries that ending: not one garden but many. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'some' — not one already pointed out — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. جَنَّـٰتٍۢ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ: 'gardens'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter — but the sound feminine plural shows it instead with the kasrah-sounding ending ـَاتٍ. جَنَّـٰتٍۢ is the topic that أَنَّ before it pushes into the accusative, and it wears that plural's accusative dress: the doubled kasrah ـٍ. L2 · R7

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَجْرِى names an action — flowing — from the root جري, to flow, to run. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb describes an ongoing action and opens with one of the four prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَجْرِى opens with تَ, the marker used for a feminine 'she/it' doer: the rivers flow — an ongoing flowing. L8 · R3

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften into long vowels or vanish. The root of تَجْرِى is جري, whose last letter is the weak ي; it surfaces here as the long final ى sound. L24 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. مِن is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word right after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. مِن 'from' does that to 'beneath': 'from beneath them'. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, place, thing, idea, or time. تَحْتِ names a place — the space beneath — from the root تحت, beneath. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. تَحْتِ carries that kasrah ـِ because the preposition مِن 'from' stands before it. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'its/her/their' glued onto the end of another word. The ending هَا on تَحْتِهَا stands for 'them' — the gardens: 'beneath them'. L3 · R7

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending هَا 'their' is that owner glued onto تَحْتِ: the underside belongs to the gardens. A pronoun like هَا keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word to mark something specific and known. Here it marks أَنْهَٰرُ as 'the rivers' — the rivers of those gardens. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱلْ ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names things: 'the rivers', from the root نهر, to flow, river. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَنْهَٰر is such a broken plural: the singular نَهَر (river) is reshaped from within rather than given a plural ending. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ: the rivers are the ones doing the flowing. L2 · R10

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action of a verb, and it always takes the nominative — the doer's form, shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ carries that ḍammah and is the doer of تَجْرِى: the rivers flow. L9 · R2

Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word of time that anchors a sentence to when its action happens; such time words stand in the accusative — the fathah ـَ form, the small slanted stroke seen above the ل of كُلَّ. كُلَّمَا means 'every time': every time they are given provision, they say this. L16 · R10

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. رُزِقُوا۟ names an action — providing — from the root رزق, to provide, grant, bestow. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb carries its person marker as an ending glued to the verb's tail. On رُزِقُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, the 'they' marker of the past conjugation. L8 · R2

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb leaves the doer unnamed by reshaping its inner vowels: the past pattern opens with a ḍammah ـُ (a small curl above the first letter) followed by a kasrah ـِ (a small stroke below the next root letter). رُزِقُوا۟ shows exactly that ḍammah-then-kasrah opening: 'they are provided' — the provider is not named. L11 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on رُزِقُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they' — those given provision. L3 · R6

Passive Subject · نائب فاعلThe passive subject is the one the action happened to, lifted into the subject spot of a passive verb and carrying the nominative — the subject's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on رُزِقُوا۟ names those who receive the provision; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. Who provides is left unnamed. L11 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. مِنْ is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. مِنْ means 'from': 'from them' — from the gardens. L4 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending هَا on مِنْهَا stands for 'them' — the gardens: 'therefrom'. L3 · R6

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. مِن is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word right after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. مِن 'of' does that to 'fruit': provision 'of fruit'. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA word ending with the letter ة (tā marbūṭah) is a noun — a naming word. ثَمَرَةٍۢ ends in that ة and names a thing: fruit, from the root ثمر, fruit, to bear fruit. L1 · R3

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she', typically marked by a ة at its end. ثَمَرَةٍۢ carries that ة, so it is treated as feminine. L2 · R1

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' — no particular one — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. ثَمَرَةٍۢ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ: 'a fruit', any fruit. L2 · R8

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown here by the doubled kasrah ـٍ — the tanwīn kasrah below the last letter. ثَمَرَةٍۢ carries it because the preposition مِن 'of' stands before it. L2 · R12

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. رِّزْقًۭا ends in the doubled fathah ـً and names a thing: provision, from the root رزق, to provide, grant, bestow. L1 · R2

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' — no particular one — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. رِّزْقًۭا ends in the doubled fathah ـً: 'a provision'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. رِّزْقًۭا ends in that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Cognate Accusative · المفعول المطلقA cognate accusative is the verb's own action-noun repeated after it, in the accusative — the fathah ـَ form — to press home the action. رِّزْقًۭا 'a provision' comes from the same root رزق as the verb رُزِقُوا۟ 'they are provided': provided a real providing. L21 · R9

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. قَالُوا۟ names an action — saying — from the root قول, to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb carries its person marker as an ending glued to the verb's tail. On قَالُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, the 'they' marker of the past conjugation. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften into long vowels or vanish. The root of قَالُوا۟ is قول: its middle و hides here behind the long ا of قَالُ. L24 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on قَالُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they' — the speakers. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on قَالُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Demonstrative Pronoun · اسم إشارةA demonstrative pronoun is a pointing word that singles out a specific thing, near or far. هَٰذَا points to something near, masculine, and singular — 'this', the fruit just given to them. L3 · R8

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. Inside their words, هَٰذَا 'this' is that topic; a pointing word keeps one fixed written shape, so no ḍammah appears on it — the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is what the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. What the saying of قَالُوا۟ lands on is the spoken sentence that opens with هَٰذَا; this pointing word keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears on it. L9 · R3

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word like 'which/what' that hooks a whole describing sentence onto something. ٱلَّذِى is the masculine singular form — 'the one which' — and what follows, 'we were provided with before', completes it. L5 · R13

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it stands in the nominative in its own right — the form usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The topic was هَٰذَا 'this'; ٱلَّذِى 'the one which…' is what is said about it, with the 'is' simply understood: 'this IS what we were provided before'. This word keeps one fixed written shape, so no ḍammah appears on it. L6 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. رُزِقْنَا names an action — providing — from the root رزق, to provide, grant, bestow. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb carries its person marker as an ending glued to the verb's tail. On رُزِقْنَا that ending is نَا, the 'we' marker — note the sukūn ـْ, the small circle above the ق, that closes the verb before it: 'we were provided'. L8 · R2

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb leaves the doer unnamed by reshaping its inner vowels: the past pattern opens with a ḍammah ـُ (a small curl above the first letter) followed by a kasrah ـِ (a small stroke below the next root letter). رُزِقْنَا shows that ḍammah-then-kasrah opening: 'we were provided' — the provider is not named. L11 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending نَا on رُزِقْنَا is such a suffix, standing for 'we' — the speakers. L3 · R7

Passive Subject · نائب فاعلThe passive subject is the one the action happened to, lifted into the subject spot of a passive verb and carrying the nominative — the subject's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا on رُزِقْنَا names those who received the provision, 'we'; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L11 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. مِن is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word right after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending. مِن here pairs with the time word 'before': 'from before'. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, place, thing, idea, or time. قَبْلُ names a time — 'before' — from the root قبل, to be before. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the standing a naming word takes after a preposition, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter. قَبْلُ stands in that genitive because مِن 'from' comes before it; yet its written ending is a fixed ḍammah ـُ (a small curl above the last letter), the shape this word keeps when the thing it pairs with — 'before' what — is left unsaid but understood. L2 · R12

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix وَ here opens a new remark: 'And it is given to them…'. L14 · R1

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أُتُوا۟ names an action — giving, bringing — from the root اتي, to come, bring, give. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb carries its person marker as an ending glued to the verb's tail. On أُتُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, the 'they' marker of the past conjugation. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften or vanish. The root of أُتُوا۟ is اتي, whose last letter is the weak ي; here it has slipped away before the ending وا۟, leaving the short shape أُتُ. L24 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of أُتُوا۟ is اتي, whose first letter is that hamza — here seated on an alif as أُ, since the hamza's written seat changes with the vowels around it. L24 · R11

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb leaves the doer unnamed by reshaping its inner vowels: the past pattern opens with a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the first letter. أُتُوا۟ opens with exactly that ḍammah on its hamza: 'they were given' — the giver is not named. L11 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on أُتُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they' — those given the fruits. L3 · R6

Passive Subject · نائب فاعلThe passive subject is the one the action happened to, lifted into the subject spot of a passive verb and carrying the nominative — the subject's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on أُتُوا۟ names those who receive; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. Who gives is left unnamed. L11 · R5

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix بِ means 'with': 'given it'. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here هِۦ 'it'. Joined after the preposition بِ, it points back to the provision: 'therewith'. L3 · R7

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا ends in the doubled fathah ـً and names a quality: resembling, from the root شبه, to resemble, be alike. L1 · R2

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' — no particular one — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا ends in the doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا ends in that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer or holder of the action; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke — below the letter before the last root letter. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا begins with مُـ and has that kasrah under the ب: things that themselves resemble one another. L11 · R3

Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl describes the state something is in while the action happens, and it is an indefinite word in the accusative — the fathah ـَ form, here the doubled fathah ـً. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا tells the state in which the provision is given: 'in resemblance', one gift looking like another. L21 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix وَ here opens a new promise: 'And for them…'. L14 · R1

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix لَ means 'for': 'for them'. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُمْ is 'them' here, joined after the preposition لَ to say 'for them'. L3 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. فِي is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing. فِي means 'in': 'in them' — in the gardens. L4 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending هَآ on فِيهَآ stands for 'them' — the gardens: 'therein'. L3 · R6

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. أَزْوَٰجٌۭ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ and names persons: spouses, from the root زوج, spouse, mate, pair. L1 · R2

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَزْوَٰج is such a broken plural: the singular زَوْج (spouse) is reshaped from within rather than given a plural ending. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'some' — not ones already pointed out — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. أَزْوَٰجٌۭ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ: 'spouses'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the topic of its statement, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. أَزْوَٰجٌۭ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement talks about — its topic — standing in the nominative, shown here by the doubled ḍammah ـٌ above the last letter. أَزْوَٰجٌۭ 'spouses' is that topic; what is said about them, 'for them, therein', stands before it in this sentence. L6 · R2

Noun · اسمA word ending with the letter ة (tā marbūṭah) is a noun — a naming word. مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ ends in that ة and names a quality: purified, from the root طهر, to purify, be pure, cleanse. L1 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun shows its 'a/any' openness with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ, matching the openness of 'spouses' it describes. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ on an indefinite word. مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ, matching the ending of أَزْوَٰجٌۭ, the word it describes. L2 · R10

Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that follows its noun. A broken plural — a plural made by reshaping the word from inside, like أَزْوَٰجٌۭ — takes its adjective in the feminine singular form, which is why the describing word here is مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ with the single feminine ة, not a plural shape: 'purified spouses'. L7 · R3

Passive Participle · اسم مفعولA passive participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the one the action was done to; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a fathah ـَ — a small stroke — above the letter before the last root letter. مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ begins with مُـ and has that fathah on the doubled هّ: ones who have been purified. L11 · R3

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالThe circumstantial particle is a وَ meaning 'while/and', introducing a mini-sentence that describes an accompanying state; its marker is that a complete topic-plus-comment sentence follows it. Here the وَ introduces هُمْ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ — 'they abiding therein forever'. L14 · R3

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/they'. هُمْ is the standalone word 'they', naming the people of these gardens. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُمْ 'they' is that topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so no ḍammah appears on it — the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. فِي is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing. فِي means 'in': 'in them' — in the gardens. L4 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending هَا on فِيهَا stands for 'them' — the gardens: 'therein'. L3 · R6

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, thing, idea, or quality — without saying when an action happens. خَـٰلِدُونَ names those who remain — 'abiders forever' — from the root خلد, to abide eternally, to remain forever. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); خَـٰلِدُونَ ends in exactly that ـُونَ: the many who abide. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the standing a naming word takes as subject or the comment about a topic, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. For this kind of plural the nominative shows itself instead as the ending ـُونَ, which خَـٰلِدُونَ carries. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it stands in the nominative in its own right — shown here by the plural's nominative ending ـُونَ. The topic was هُمْ 'they'; خَـٰلِدُونَ is what is said about them, with the 'is' understood: 'they ARE abiders forever'. L6 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root on the pattern فَاعِل to name the doer or holder of the action. خَـٰلِد is built on that pattern from the root خلد (to abide eternally): ones who abide. L11 · R1