Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word like 'who' or 'which' that hooks a whole describing sentence onto whoever or whatever it points to. ٱلَّذِينَ · '(to) those who' is the masculine plural form — 'those who' — used when it points to a group of people. Its shape is fixed: this word never changes its ending to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The good news of بَشِّرِ is given to ٱلَّذِينَ, 'those who…'; this word keeps one fixed written shape, so no fathah appears on it — the object role is carried by its place in the sentence. L9 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ءَامَنُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On ءَامَنُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of ءَامَنُوا۟ is امن, whose first letter is that hamza; here it fuses into the long-vowel opening ءَا, which can disguise the root. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. ءَامَنُ carries that added hamza at its front: 'believe', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ءَامَنُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on ءَامَنُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَعَمِلُوا۟ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. عَمِلُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'and do', from the root عمل: to work, do, perform, act, construct. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On وَعَمِلُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'and do', from the root عمل: to work, do, perform, act, construct. L8 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — وَعَمِلُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on عَمِلُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. Because the next letter, ص, is one of the fourteen 'sun-letters' — letters made in the same part of the mouth as ل itself, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — the ل of the prefix melts into it and doubles it, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped doubling mark written above the letter: ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱل ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names things: 'the righteous deeds', from the root صلح, to be good, right, sound. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. صَّٰلِحَٰتِ closes with the sound feminine plural ending ـَات — the ending Arabic adds to name three or more of something feminine — and that plural ending marks the word as feminine: '[the] righteous deeds'. L2 · R6

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural — the plural of a feminine naming word — is made by adding the ending ـَات, and ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ carries exactly that ending: the many righteous deeds. L2 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. But the sound feminine plural refuses that fathah: its accusative is shown instead by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter — on its ـَات ending, exactly what ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ shows. L2 · R7

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form; for this feminine plural that form shows as a kasrah ـِ (a small stroke below the last letter) rather than the usual fathah ـَ. The doing of عَمِلُوا۟ lands on ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ: the deeds they do. L9 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root on the pattern فَاعِل to name the doer or holder of the action. From the root صلح (to be good, right), this word is built on that pattern — deeds that are themselves right and sound. L11 · R1

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلThe particles حرف مشبه بالفعل are a family of six — إِنَّ, أَنَّ, and their sisters, each carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ, a small w-shaped mark — that sit before a topic-plus-comment sentence and push the topic into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form, while the comment stays as it was. أَنَّ means 'that', introducing the content of the good news: 'that they will have gardens'. L15 · R1

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَ at the front of لَهُمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُمْ is 'them' here, joined after the preposition لَ to say 'for them'. L3 · R2

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. جَنَّـٰتٍۢ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ and names things: gardens, from the root جنن, to cover, conceal; garden, paradise. L1 · R2

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. جَنَّٰتٍ closes with the sound feminine plural ending ـَات — the ending Arabic adds to name three or more of something feminine — and that plural ending marks the word as feminine: '(will be) Gardens'. L2 · R6

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural — the plural of a feminine naming word — adds the ending ـَات, and جَنَّـٰتٍۢ carries that ending: not one garden but many. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. جَنَّٰتٍ carries the tanwīn ـٍ — the kasrah ـِ doubled — marking it as unspecified: '(will be) Gardens'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter — but the sound feminine plural shows it instead with the kasrah-sounding ending ـَاتٍ. جَنَّـٰتٍۢ is the topic that أَنَّ before it pushes into the accusative, and it wears that plural's accusative dress: the doubled kasrah ـٍ. L2 · R7

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَجْرِى is an action unfolding now: 'flow', from the root جري: to flow, to run, be current. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَجْرِى opens with exactly such a letter: 'flow', from the root جري: to flow, to run, be current. L8 · R3

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of تَجْرِى is جري: to flow, to run, be current — and its last letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِن · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِن · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. تَحْتِ names such a thing: 'under them', from the root تحت: beneath. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. تَحْتِ stands right after such a little word and carries exactly that kasrah ـِ on its own final letter — tucked inside تَحْتِهَا, just before the small piece fastened to the word's end. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'its/her/their' glued onto the end of another word. The ending هَا on تَحْتِهَا stands for 'them' — the gardens: 'beneath them'. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending هَا 'their' is that owner glued onto تَحْتِ: the underside belongs to the gardens. A pronoun like هَا keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَنْهَٰرُ names such a thing: 'the rivers', from the root نهر: to flow, river; day. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَنْهَٰر is such a broken plural: the singular نَهَر (river) is reshaped from within rather than given a plural ending. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ: the rivers are the ones doing the flowing. L2 · R10

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action of a verb, and it always takes the nominative — the doer's form, shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ carries that ḍammah and is the doer of تَجْرِى: the rivers flow. L9 · R2

Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word of time that anchors a sentence to when its action happens; such time words stand in the accusative — the fathah ـَ form, the small slanted stroke seen above the ل of كُلَّ. كُلَّمَا means 'every time': every time they are given provision, they say this. L16 · R10

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. رُزِقُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they are provided', from the root رزق: to provide, necessaries of life, good, grant, bestow. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On رُزِقُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they are provided', from the root رزق: to provide, necessaries of life, good, grant, bestow. L8 · R2

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb leaves the doer unnamed by reshaping its inner vowels: the past pattern opens with a ḍammah ـُ (a small curl above the first letter) followed by a kasrah ـِ (a small stroke below the next root letter). رُزِقُوا۟ shows exactly that ḍammah-then-kasrah opening: 'they are provided' — the provider is not named. L11 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on رُزِقُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they' — those given provision. L3 · R6

Passive Subject · نائب فاعلThe passive subject is the one the action happened to, lifted into the subject spot of a passive verb and carrying the nominative — the subject's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on رُزِقُوا۟ names those who receive the provision; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. Who provides is left unnamed. L11 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِنْ · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِنْ · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هَا · 'her/her' hangs on the little relation-word in مِنْهَا, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِن · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِن · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA word ending with the letter ة (tā marbūṭah) is a noun — a naming word. ثَمَرَةٍۢ ends in that ة and names a thing: fruit, from the root ثمر, fruit, to bear fruit. L1 · R3

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she', most often marked by a ة — the round 'tied tā' — at its end. ثَمَرَةٍ carries exactly that round ة at its end, so it is treated as feminine: 'fruit'. L2 · R1

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. ثَمَرَةٍ carries the tanwīn ـٍ — the kasrah ـِ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'fruit'. L2 · R8

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown here by the doubled kasrah ـٍ — the tanwīn kasrah below the last letter. ثَمَرَةٍۢ carries it because the preposition مِن 'of' stands before it. L2 · R12

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. رِّزْقًا names such a thing: '(as) provision', from the root رزق: to provide, necessaries of life, good, grant, bestow. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. رِّزْقًۭا carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. رِّزْقًا carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: '(as) provision'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. رِّزْقًۭا ends in that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Cognate Accusative · المفعول المطلقA cognate accusative is the verb's own action-noun repeated after it, in the accusative — the fathah ـَ form — to press home the action. رِّزْقًۭا 'a provision' comes from the same root رزق as the verb رُزِقُوا۟ 'they are provided': provided a real providing. L21 · R9

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قَالُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they (will) say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On قَالُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they (will) say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قَالُ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — قَالُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on قَالُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Demonstrative Pronoun · اسم إشارةA demonstrative pronoun is a pointing word that singles out a specific thing, near or far. هَٰذَا points to something near, masculine, and singular — 'this', the fruit just given to them. L3 · R8

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. Inside their words, هَٰذَا 'this' is that topic; a pointing word keeps one fixed written shape, so no ḍammah appears on it — the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is what the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. What the saying of قَالُوا۟ lands on is the spoken sentence that opens with هَٰذَا; this pointing word keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears on it. L9 · R3

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word like 'who' or 'which' that hooks a whole describing sentence onto whoever or whatever it points to. ٱلَّذِى · 'the one which' is the masculine singular form — used when it points to one person or thing Arabic treats as 'he'. Its shape is fixed: this word never changes its ending to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it stands in the nominative in its own right — the form usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The topic was هَٰذَا 'this'; ٱلَّذِى 'the one which…' is what is said about it, with the 'is' simply understood: 'this IS what we were provided before'. This word keeps one fixed written shape, so no ḍammah appears on it. L6 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. رُزِقْ speaks of an action already carried out: 'we were provided', from the root رزق: to provide, necessaries of life, good, grant, bestow. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On رُزِقْنَا that ending is نَا, telling exactly who is meant: 'we were provided', from the root رزق: to provide, necessaries of life, good, grant, bestow. L8 · R2

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb leaves the doer unnamed by reshaping its inner vowels: the past pattern opens with a ḍammah ـُ (a small curl above the first letter) followed by a kasrah ـِ (a small stroke below the next root letter). رُزِقْنَا shows that ḍammah-then-kasrah opening: 'we were provided' — the provider is not named. L11 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending نَا on رُزِقْنَا is such a suffix, standing for 'we' — the speakers. L3 · R6

Passive Subject · نائب فاعلThe passive subject is the one the action happened to, lifted into the subject spot of a passive verb and carrying the nominative — the subject's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا on رُزِقْنَا names those who received the provision, 'we'; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L11 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. مِن · 'from/of' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. مِن · 'from/of' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. قَبْلُ names such a thing: 'before', from the root قبل: to be before, accept; direction faced. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the standing a naming word takes after a preposition, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter. قَبْلُ stands in that genitive because مِن 'from' comes before it; yet its written ending is a fixed ḍammah ـُ (a small curl above the last letter), the shape this word keeps when the thing it pairs with — 'before' what — is left unsaid but understood. L2 · R12

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَأُتُوا۟ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أُتُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'And they will be given', from the root اتي: to come, bring, give. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On وَأُتُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'And they will be given', from the root اتي: to come, bring, give. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of أُتُ is اتي: to come, bring, give — and its last letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of أُتُوا۟ is اتي, whose first letter is that hamza — here seated on an alif as أُ, since the hamza's written seat changes with the vowels around it. L24 · R11

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb leaves the doer unnamed by reshaping its inner vowels: the past pattern opens with a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the first letter. أُتُوا۟ opens with exactly that ḍammah on its hamza: 'they were given' — the giver is not named. L11 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on أُتُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'they' — those given the fruits. L3 · R6

Passive Subject · نائب فاعلThe passive subject is the one the action happened to, lifted into the subject spot of a passive verb and carrying the nominative — the subject's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on أُتُوا۟ names those who receive; a pronoun's written shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. Who gives is left unnamed. L11 · R5

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِهِۦ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here هِۦ 'it'. Joined after the preposition بِ, it points back to the provision: 'therewith'. L3 · R7

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مُتَشَٰبِهًا names such a thing: '(things) in resemblance', from the root شبه: to resemble, be similar or alike. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. مُتَشَٰبِهًا carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: '(things) in resemblance'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا ends in that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the doer or holder of the action; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke — below the letter before the last root letter. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا begins with مُـ and has that kasrah under the ب: things that themselves resemble one another. L11 · R3

Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl describes the state something is in while the action happens, and it is an indefinite word in the accusative — the fathah ـَ form, here the doubled fathah ـً. مُتَشَـٰبِهًۭا tells the state in which the provision is given: 'in resemblance', one gift looking like another. L21 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix وَ · 'and' at the front of وَلَهُمْ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَ at the front of وَلَهُمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُمْ is 'them' here, joined after the preposition لَ to say 'for them'. L3 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. فِي · 'in' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. فِي · 'in' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هَآ · 'her/her' hangs on the little relation-word in فِيهَآ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَزْوَٰجٌ names such a thing: 'spouses', from the root زوج: spouse, mate, pair, to pair, to conjoin in pairs. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. أَزْوَٰجٌۭ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَزْوَٰج is such a broken plural: the singular زَوْج (spouse) is reshaped from within rather than given a plural ending. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. أَزْوَٰجٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'spouses'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the topic of its statement, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. أَزْوَٰجٌۭ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement talks about — its topic — standing in the nominative, shown here by the doubled ḍammah ـٌ above the last letter. أَزْوَٰجٌۭ 'spouses' is that topic; what is said about them, 'for them, therein', stands before it in this sentence. L6 · R2

Noun · اسمA word ending with the letter ة (tā marbūṭah) is a noun — a naming word. مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ ends in that ة and names a quality: purified, from the root طهر, to purify, be pure, cleanse. L1 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is a naming word left general — not pinned to one known thing by the definite article ال ('the') — and it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. مُّطَهَّرَةٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled: 'purified'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ on an indefinite word. مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ, matching the ending of أَزْوَٰجٌۭ, the word it describes. L2 · R10

Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that follows its noun. A broken plural — a plural made by reshaping the word from inside, like أَزْوَٰجٌۭ — takes its adjective in the feminine singular form, which is why the describing word here is مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ with the single feminine ة, not a plural shape: 'purified spouses'. L7 · R3

Passive Participle · اسم مفعولA passive participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the one the action was done to; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a fathah ـَ — a small stroke — above the letter before the last root letter. مُّطَهَّرَةٌۭ begins with مُـ and has that fathah on the doubled هّ: ones who have been purified. L11 · R3

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالThe circumstantial particle is a وَ meaning 'while/and', introducing a mini-sentence that describes an accompanying state; its marker is that a complete topic-plus-comment sentence follows it. Here the وَ introduces هُمْ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ — 'they abiding therein forever'. L14 · R3

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/they'. هُمْ is the standalone word 'they', naming the people of these gardens. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُمْ 'they' is that topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so no ḍammah appears on it — the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. فِي · 'in' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. فِي · 'in' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هَا · 'her/her' hangs on the little relation-word in فِيهَا, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. خَٰلِدُونَ is such a naming word: '(will) abide forever', from the root خلد: to abide eternally, to remain forever, eternity. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. Even as a plural, خَـٰلِدُونَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is a masculine noun; its ending is the 'sound' plural ending Arabic reserves for masculine nouns. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more of something. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); خَـٰلِدُونَ closes with exactly such an ending: not one, but a whole group. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the standing a naming word takes as subject or the comment about a topic, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. For this kind of plural the nominative shows itself instead as the ending ـُونَ, which خَـٰلِدُونَ carries. L2 · R6

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it stands in the nominative in its own right — shown here by the plural's nominative ending ـُونَ. The topic was هُمْ 'they'; خَـٰلِدُونَ is what is said about them, with the 'is' understood: 'they ARE abiders forever'. L6 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root on the pattern فَاعِل to name the doer or holder of the action. خَـٰلِد is built on that pattern from the root خلد (to abide eternally): ones who abide. L11 · R1