Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. بُكْمٌ names such a thing: 'dumb', from the root بكم: dumb, mute, unable to speak. L1 · R6

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. بُكْمٌ is a 'broken' plural — its inner shape reshaped from the singular — naming many mute ones, not one. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is a naming word left general — not pinned to one known thing by the definite article ال ('the') — and it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. بُكْمٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled: 'dumb'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes when it tells something about a topic, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — or here the doubled tanwīn ḍammah ـٌ, a small curl above the last letter. بُكْمٌ carries that ـٌ, telling of them: they are dumb. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, standing in the nominative, here the doubled tanwīn ḍammah ـٌ. بُكْمٌ carries that ـٌ and tells another thing about them: dumb. L6 · R3

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a quality or those who bear it. عُمْىٌ names 'blind ones', from the root عمي, blindness. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. عُمْىٌ is a 'broken' plural — its inner shape reshaped from the singular — naming many blind ones, not one. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is a naming word left general — not pinned to one known thing by the definite article ال ('the') — and it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. عُمْىٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled: 'blind'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes when it tells something about a topic, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ — or here the doubled tanwīn ḍammah ـٌ, a small curl above the last letter. عُمْىٌ carries that ـٌ, telling of them: they are blind. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, standing in the nominative, here the doubled tanwīn ḍammah ـٌ. عُمْىٌ carries that ـٌ and tells a third thing about them: blind. L6 · R3

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix فَ at the front of فَهُمْ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and then' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُمْ is the standalone word 'they', naming those spoken of. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the word a sentence talks about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُمْ 'they' stands as this topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one, and 'will not return' is said about them. L6 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. لَا · 'not/no' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not'. لَا negates the present-tense verb after it: 'they will not return'. L4 · R5

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it can be a whole verb-sentence. The topic was هُمْ 'they'; this negated verb-sentence, 'do not return', is what is said about them: so they will not return. L6 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَرْجِعُ is an action unfolding now: '[they] will not return', from the root رجع: to return, bring back, turn back. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَرْجِعُ opens with exactly such a letter: '[they] will not return', from the root رجع: to return, bring back, turn back. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَرْجِعُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَرْجِعُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ونَ ending on يَرْجِعُونَ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4