Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. لَن is such a helper word. L1 · R8

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle flips a statement to its opposite, and لَنْ 'will not' negates the future, putting the verb after it into the subjunctive mood — typically marked by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the verb's last letter. Their claim opens with it: the Fire will NEVER touch us. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَمَسَّ names an action — touching — from the root مسس: to touch, to affect, to befall. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. تَمَسَّنَا opens with the letter تَ — the prefix used for 'she', the Fire — standing before the root letters: 'it will touch'. L8 · R3

Subjunctive Mood · الفعل المنصوبThe subjunctive is the mood a present tense verb takes after particles like أَنْ and لَنْ, its marker a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke — on the final letter for singular shapes. تَمَسَّ stands right after لَن 'never will', and its final doubled س carries exactly that fathah ـَ. L10 · R4

Doubled Verb · فعل مضاعفA doubled verb is one whose second and third root letters are the same letter, written once with the doubling shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped mark. The root مسس repeats its س, and تَمَسَّنَا shows that shaddah ـّ on the س. L24 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending نَا on تَمَسَّنَا is such a suffix, standing for 'us'. L3 · R6

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending نَا 'us' is that object, glued straight onto the verb — the ones the Fire would touch; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ال attached to the front of a naming word to mean 'the'. On ٱلنَّارُ the ل is written but not heard, because ن is one of the fourteen 'solar' letters — the letters made near where ل itself is made, which swallow the ل of ال — so the ن doubles instead, shown by the shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped mark: an-nār, 'the Fire'. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts ال — the prefix meaning 'the' — is a noun, a naming word. نَّارُ names the Fire, from the root نور — fire, light. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثSome naming words are grammatically 'she' — feminine — without any visible marker and must be memorized; نَار 'fire' is one of these special feminine words, which is why the verb before it wears the 'she' prefix تَ. L2 · R2

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. نَّارُ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the ر of ٱلنَّارُ. The Fire is what would do the touching — and they deny it ever will. L9 · R2

Exception Particle · أداة الاستثناءAn exception particle carves something out of a general statement, and إِلَّا 'except' is the primary one; after a 'not', the pair narrows to 'only'. With لَن 'never will' before it, their claim shrinks the threat to one small carve-out: EXCEPT a few counted days. L19 · R2

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel mark ـً — is a noun, a naming word. أَيَّامًا names days, from the root يوم — day, time, period. L1 · R2

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. أَيَّامًا is such a reshaped plural of يَوْم 'day': 'days'. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' — no particular ones named — and is marked by tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel. أَيَّامًا ends in the doubled fathah ـً: just 'days', a handful. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled here to the tanwīn ـً. أَيَّامًا ends in exactly that doubled fathah ـً, the form it wears as the thing carved out by إِلَّآ 'except'. L2 · R11

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel mark ـً — is a noun, a naming word; Arabic counts describing words like this among its naming words. مَّعْدُودَةً means 'numbered, counted', from the root عدد — number, counting. L1 · R2

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is general — not one named instance — and is marked by tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel. مَّعْدُودَةً ends in the doubled fathah ـً, matching the 'days' it describes. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled here to the tanwīn ـً. مَّعْدُودَةً ends in exactly that doubled fathah ـً on its ة, copying the ending of أَيَّامًا, the word it describes. L2 · R11

Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that comes after its naming word — and when that naming word is a broken plural, a plural reshaped from the inside, the adjective takes the feminine singular form. أَيَّامًا 'days' is exactly such a plural, so its describing word مَّعْدُودَةً wears the feminine ة while matching its doubled fathah ـً: 'days — numbered ones'. L7 · R3

Passive Participle · اسم مفعولA passive participle is a naming word built from a verb's root, on the pattern مَفْعُول, for the one the action was done to. مَّعْدُودَةً is on exactly that pattern — the مَـ at its front and the long و before its last root letter — 'counted': days that have been counted out. L11 · R2

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. قُلْ names an action — saying — from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its opening prefix and placing the sukūn ـْ — the small circle meaning the sound stops — on the final letter. قُلْ carries exactly that sukūn on its ل: 'Say!', a command to the Prophet. L10 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters, and in the command shape a weak middle letter is deleted — قُلْ 'Say!' from قَالَ is the very model. The vowel left behind is the fingerprint of the deleted letter: the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl above the ق, points to the vanished و of the root قول. L24 · R4

Interrogative Particle · حرف استفهامAn interrogative particle turns a statement into a question, and the prefix أَ is one that forms yes/no questions. The أَ opening أَتَّخَذْتُمْ asks: HAVE you taken…? L17 · R1

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَّخَذْ names an action — taking — from the root اخذ: to take, seize, grasp. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes an action already completed, and who did it is shown by an ending added to the verb. The ending تُمْ — the 'you all' marker, an abbreviation of أَنْتُمْ — sits on أَتَّخَذْتُمْ: 'have YOU taken'. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) among its root letters, and the hamza's changing behavior can disguise the root. The root اخذ opens with that hamza — yet no root hamza shows in تَّخَذْ at all; the root hides behind this shape. L24 · R11

Form VIII Verb · اِفْتَعَلَA Form VIII verb tucks an extra ت inside, right after the first root letter, usually giving a do-it-for-oneself sense. In أَتَّخَذْتُمْ that inserted ت stands doubled at the front — shown by the shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped mark, on the ت: taking a covenant FOR YOURSELVES. L13 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending تُمْ on أَتَّخَذْتُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending تُمْ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. عِندَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ, the ending words that tell where something stands keep fixed. L2 · R11

Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word frozen in the accusative — the fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above its last letter — that tells where something happens, and عِندَ 'with/at' is one of the most common, chained to the naming word after it. Here: a covenant taken 'WITH Allah'. L26 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea — including proper names. ٱللَّهِ is the proper name of Allah. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes as the second noun in an 'of' pairing, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter. ٱللَّهِ ends in exactly that kasrah ـِ, chained after the place word عِندَ. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, the kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. ٱللَّهِ fills that owner slot after عِندَ, wearing that very kasrah: 'at-the-presence OF Allah' — with Him. L5 · R5

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel mark ـً — is a noun, a naming word. عَهْدًا names a covenant, from the root عهد — covenant, treaty, oath, promise. L1 · R2

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one — no particular one named — and is marked by tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel. عَهْدًا ends in the doubled fathah ـً: 'A covenant' — any such covenant at all. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled here to the tanwīn ـً. عَهْدًا ends in exactly that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the doubled fathah ـً at the end of عَهْدًا. 'A covenant' is what the taking would have landed on. L9 · R3

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix فَ here opens what would follow if such a covenant existed. L14 · R1

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. لَن is such a helper word. L1 · R8

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle flips a statement to its opposite, and لَنْ 'will not' negates the future, putting the verb after it into the subjunctive mood — typically marked by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the verb's last letter. Allah will NEVER break His covenant. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. يُخْلِفَ names an action — breaking, going back on a promise — from the root خلف. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. يُخْلِفَ opens with the letter يُ — the 'he' prefix — standing before the root letters: 'He will break'. L8 · R3

Subjunctive Mood · الفعل المنصوبThe subjunctive is the mood a present tense verb takes after particles like أَنْ and لَنْ, its marker a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke — on the final letter for singular shapes. يُخْلِفَ stands right after لَن 'never will', and its final ف carries exactly that fathah ـَ. L10 · R4

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb adds a hamzah to the front of its past shape, and in the present tense this family is identified by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl — on the prefix letter. يُخْلِفَ shows exactly that: its opening يُ carries the ḍammah ـُ, the present-tense signature of this form. L12 · R7

Noun · اسمA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea — including proper names. ٱللَّهُ is the proper name of Allah. L1 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱللَّهُ ends in exactly that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action in a verb-first sentence, standing in the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on the last letter of ٱللَّهُ. Allah is the One who would never break it. L9 · R2

Noun · اسمA word whose final vowel mark changes with its job in the sentence is a noun, a naming word. عَهْدَ names a covenant, from the root عهد — covenant, treaty, oath, promise. L1 · R5

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. عَهْدَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ on its د. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the fathah ـَ on the د of عَهْدَ. 'His covenant' is what the breaking would land on — and it never will. L9 · R3

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; attached to a naming word, it shows possession. The ending هُۥٓ on عَهْدَهُۥٓ stands for 'His': HIS covenant. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The ending هُۥٓ fills that owner slot: 'the covenant OF Him'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. أَمْ is such a helper word. L1 · R8

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a particle that joins words or sentences, and أَمْ means 'or (rather)'. It joins the second half of the challenge to the first: a covenant with Allah — OR are you saying what you do not know? L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَقُولُ names an action — saying — from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. تَقُولُونَ opens with the letter تَ — the 'you' prefix — standing before the root letters: 'do you say'. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes ending in نَ, where that نَ itself is the mood sign: kept, it marks the normal mood; dropped, it marks a trimmed mood. تَقُولُونَ is one of those five shapes, and its نَ is kept — the normal, untrimmed mood. L10 · R10

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb has و or ي among its root letters, hidden in some shapes and revealed in others: the past قَالَ hides its middle letter behind a long alif, and the present tense reveals it. تَقُولُونَ shows that true middle letter و of the root قول in plain view. L24 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending ونَ on تَقُولُونَ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'you all', the speakers; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. عَلَى is such a helper word. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. عَلَى 'on/upon' is one of the common prepositions: saying things 'ABOUT — against — Allah'. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea — including proper names. ٱللَّهِ is the proper name of Allah. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small stroke below the last letter. ٱللَّهِ ends in exactly that kasrah ـِ, pulled into it by the preposition عَلَى before it. L2 · R12

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto what it stands for, and مَا is the form for non-human things: 'that which'. This مَا carries the sentence 'you do not know': that which you do not know. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. 'That which you do not know' is what the saying lands on, and مَا anchors it; this word keeps one fixed written shape, so the accusative is the role it fills, not a mark on show. L9 · R3

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. لَا is such a helper word. L1 · R8

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle flips a statement to its opposite, and لَا is the one used with present-tense verbs. Here it denies their knowing: what you do NOT know. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَعْلَمُ names an inner action — knowing — from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb is identified by one of the four prefix letters remembered as أَنَيْتُ. تَعْلَمُونَ opens with the letter تَ — the 'you' prefix — standing before the root letters: 'you know'. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes ending in نَ, where that نَ itself is the mood sign: kept, it marks the normal mood; dropped, it marks a trimmed mood. تَعْلَمُونَ is one of those five shapes, and its نَ is kept — the normal mood, so this لَا states a plain 'not'. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending ونَ on تَعْلَمُونَ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'you all'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4