Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلَّذِينَ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word like 'who' or 'which' that hooks a whole describing sentence onto whoever or whatever it points to. ٱلَّذِينَ · 'and those who' is the masculine plural form — 'those who' — used when it points to a group of people. Its shape is fixed: this word never changes its ending to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. هَادُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'became Jews', from the root هود: to be Jewish, Jews, Hud. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On هَادُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'became Jews', from the root هود: to be Jewish, Jews, Hud. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of هَادُ is هود: to be Jewish, Jews, Hud — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — هَادُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ is that doer, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلنَّصَـٰرَىٰ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. Because the next letter, ن, is one of the fourteen 'sun-letters' — letters made in the same part of the mouth as ل itself, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — the ل of the prefix melts into it and doubles it, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped doubling mark written above the letter: وَٱلنَّصَـٰرَىٰ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. نَّصَٰرَىٰ is a proper name: 'and the Christians'. L1 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. نَّصَٰرَىٰ ends in the bent letter ىٰ, which carries no vowel mark, so nothing shows on the page — the accusative is the role this name fills, shared with the listed groups it is joined to. L2 · R11

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلصَّـٰبِـِٔينَ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. Because the next letter, ص, is one of the fourteen 'sun-letters' — letters made in the same part of the mouth as ل itself, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — the ل of the prefix melts into it and doubles it, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped doubling mark written above the letter: وَٱلصَّـٰبِـِٔينَ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. صَّٰبِـِٔينَ is a proper name: 'and the Sabians -'. L1 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the landed-on ending, usually a fathah ـَ — a small stroke above the letter. Words with the ـُونَ/ـِينَ plural ending show their case differently: only the subject form ـُونَ looks distinct, and ـِينَ serves for the accusative and the 'of' role alike. The ـِٔينَ closing صَّٰبِـِٔينَ is that form here, matching the listed groups it is joined to. L2 · R7

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built on the pattern فَاعِل — first letter, then a long ā, then a kasrah ـِ before the last root letter — naming the one who does. صَّٰبِـِٔ carries that shape: the long ā after its ص and the kasrah before its final root letter; it became the fixed name of this group. L11 · R1

Conditional Particle · أداة شرطA conditional particle introduces a two-part structure: a condition clause and its result clause, often connected by the result فَ. مَنْ 'whoever' sets up exactly that pair here — the condition 'whoever believed and did righteousness' and the result opening with فَ: 'then for them is their reward'. L16 · R1

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ءَامَنَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'believed', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and ءَامَنَ is exactly that bare base: 'believed', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R1

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters. From the root امن, the hamza opens the word as the ءَا of ءَامَنَ. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. ءَامَنَ carries that added hamza at its front: 'believed', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R5

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِٱللَّهِ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the naming word after it into the genitive, the ending marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and بِٱللَّهِ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea — and in Arabic this includes proper names. ٱللَّهِ is a proper name: 'in Allah'. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. ٱللَّهِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: بِٱللَّهِ. L2 · R12

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلْيَوْمِ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): وَٱلْيَوْمِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. يَوْمِ names such a thing: 'and the Day', from the root يوم: day, time, period. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. وَٱلْيَوْمِ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is an ending shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. يَوْمِ ends in that kasrah ـِ, the same 'in'-phrase ending as ٱللَّهِ, the word it is joined to after بِ. L2 · R12

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. ءَاخِرِ names such a thing: '[the] Last', from the root اخر: other, last, hereafter, to delay. L1 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is an ending shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. ءَاخِرِ ends in that kasrah ـِ, the same ending as the Day-word it describes. L2 · R12

Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that follows its noun and matches it in gender, number, case, and definiteness. ءَاخِرِ 'Last' follows يَوْمِ 'Day' and matches it point for point — both treated as 'he', both one, both ending in the kasrah ـِ, and both wearing the prefix ال: 'the Day, the Last one'. L7 · R1

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَعَمِلَ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. عَمِلَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'and did', from the root عمل: to work, do, perform, act, construct. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and عَمِلَ is exactly that bare base: 'and did', from the root عمل: to work, do, perform, act, construct. L8 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. صَٰلِحًا names such a thing: 'righteous deeds', from the root صلح: to be good, right, sound; to act rightly; to amend, reform; to reconcile. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. صَـٰلِحًۭا carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. صَٰلِحًا carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'righteous deeds'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. صَٰلِحًا carries that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, here the doubled fathah ـً. The righteous deed is what the doing produced: 'did righteousness'. L9 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built on the pattern فَاعِل — first root letter, then a long ā, then a kasrah ـِ before the last root letter — naming what does or holds the action. صَٰلِحًا carries that shape: the long ā after its ص and the kasrah on its ل — 'that which is righteous'. L11 · R1

Result Particle · فاء الجوابThe result فَ introduces the consequence of a condition — 'then'. The condition was 'whoever believed and did righteousness'; this فَ opens what follows from it: then theirs is their reward. L14 · R2

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَ at the front of فَلَهُمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here هُمْ 'them'. Though the label reads it as a standalone word, it is written joined after the preposition لَ and works like the glued-on endings for 'their/them', naming those the reward belongs to: 'for them'. L3 · R7

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَجْرُ names such a thing: 'their reward', from the root اجر: to reward, recompense; hire. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. أَجْرُهُمْ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or main topic of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. أَجْرُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ on its ر. L2 · R10

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl above the ر. 'Their reward' is the topic: their reward [is] with their Lord — the 'is' simply understood. L6 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending هُمْ on أَجْرُهُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'their': THEIR reward. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' phrase, and the owner comes second, taking the genitive — the owner's ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The ending هُمْ fills that owner slot: 'the reward OF them'; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the genitive is the role it fills. L5 · R5

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is an ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the letter. عِندَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ — the fixed ending this where-word always wears. L2 · R11

Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word, fixed in the accusative with its fathah ـَ — a small stroke above the last letter — that tells where something is. عِندَ 'with/at' is one of the high-frequency ones, chained to the naming word after it: the reward is kept 'WITH their Lord'. L26 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. رَبِّ names such a thing: 'their Lord', from the root ربب: Lord, Sustainer, Nourisher, Regulator, Perfector. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. رَبِّهِمْ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes as the owner in an 'of' phrase, marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the letter. عِندَ and رَبِّهِمْ form such a pair, '(is) with their Lord', and as the owner-word of that pair, رَبِّ carries exactly that kasrah ـِ on its own final letter — just before the small piece fastened to the word's end. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهArabic says 'of' by chaining two nouns — two naming words — directly together: عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ reads '(is) with — their Lord'. The second word of such a chain, the owner, always takes the genitive — the after-'of' ending, shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and رَبِّ carries exactly that kasrah ـِ on its own final letter, just before the small piece fastened to the word's end. L5 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending هِمْ on رَبِّهِمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'their': THEIR Lord. L3 · R6

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَلَا is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. لَا · 'not/no' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle flips a statement to its opposite, and لَا is the one for general statements: 'no / not'. Here it denies fear altogether: NO fear upon them. L4 · R5

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. خَوْفٌ names such a thing: 'fear', from the root خوف: to fear, be afraid. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. خَوْفٌ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. خَوْفٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'fear'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject or main topic of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. خَوْفٌ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, shown here by the doubled ḍammah ـٌ. 'Fear' is what this little sentence talks about, only to deny it: no fear [shall be] upon them — the 'shall be' simply understood. L6 · R2

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. عَلَيْ · 'on/upon' is one of these relation-words — it is عَلَىٰ 'on' in the shape it takes when a suffix is fastened to its end. L4 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هِمْ · 'them/their' hangs on the little relation-word in عَلَيْهِمْ, governed by the word it is fastened to. L3 · R6

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَلَا is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. لَا · 'not/no' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle flips a statement to its opposite, and لَا is the one for general statements: 'no / not'. Here it denies the grieving: NOR will they grieve. L4 · R5

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/she/they'. هُمْ is the 'they' of that set, standing on its own before the verb. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a sentence opens by talking about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُمْ 'they' is that topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. يَحْزَنُ is an action unfolding now: 'will grieve', from the root حزن: to grieve. L1 · R7

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it can itself be a complete verb-sentence — then the inner sentence itself provides the information, with no separate 'is' implied. 'They grieve' is exactly that: it completes the thought about هُمْ, and the لَا before it denies it — they will NOT grieve. L6 · R6

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. يَحْزَنُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'will grieve', from the root حزن: to grieve. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. يَحْزَنُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — يَحْزَنُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, standing in the nominative — the doer's form, usually a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending ونَ is that doer, 'they'; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears — the nominative is the role it fills. L9 · R4