Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَتَنسَوْنَ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَنسَ is an action unfolding now: 'and you forget', from the root نسي: to forget. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَنسَ opens with exactly such a letter: 'and you forget', from the root نسي: to forget. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. وَتَنسَوْنَ is one of them: its ending وْنَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of تَنسَ is نسي: to forget — and its last letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وْنَ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — وَتَنسَوْنَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending وْنَ of وَتَنسَوْنَ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَنفُسَ names such a thing: 'yourselves', from the root نفس: soul, self, person; one's own self. L1 · R6

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. أَنفُسَ is a plural built by reshaping its word from the inside rather than by adding an ending, and it wears no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — yet Arabic treats it as feminine: 'yourselves'. L2 · R2

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more, made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside — a 'broken' plural. أَنفُسَ is such a broken plural: the single نَفْس 'soul' is reshaped from within into 'souls', with no plural ending added. L2 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. أَنفُسَ ends in that fathah ـَ on its سَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, shown here by the fathah ـَ on the سَ. Your own selves are what the forgetting lands on. L9 · R3

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'your' glued onto the end of another word. The ending كُمْ on أَنفُسَكُمْ stands for 'you all': 'YOUR selves'. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending كُمْ 'you all' is that owner glued onto أَنفُسَ: 'the selves of you'. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالThe circumstantial وَ means 'while', introducing a mini-sentence that describes the state things were in during the main action. Its marker is that a complete topic-plus-comment sentence follows — أَنتُمْ تَتْلُونَ 'you recite' — rather than a joined item: they do all this WHILE reciting. L14 · R3

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he'. أَنتُمْ is the standalone word for 'you all' — one of the twelve detached forms. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic form usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. A pronoun can serve as this topic, and أَنتُمْ 'you all' opens the 'while' sentence — a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one; 'recite the Scripture' is what is said about you. L6 · R2

Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl describes the state someone is in while the action happens, and one of its forms is a whole mini-sentence opened by the 'while' وَ. The sentence beginning with أَنتُمْ — 'while you recite the Scripture' — describes the state of those questioned: the Book is in their very mouths as they forget themselves. L21 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَتْلُ is an action unfolding now: '[you] recite', from the root تلو: to recite, follow. L1 · R7

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, and it can be a complete verbal sentence. The topic was أَنتُمْ 'you all'; the verb-sentence تَتْلُونَ 'you recite' is what is said about you — the inner sentence itself carries the information, with no separate 'is' needed. L6 · R4

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَتْلُ opens with exactly such a letter: '[you] recite', from the root تلو: to recite, follow. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. تَتْلُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of تَتْلُ is تلو: to recite, follow — and its last letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — تَتْلُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ of تَتْلُونَ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. كِتَٰبَ names such a thing: 'the Book?', from the root كتب: to write, prescribe, decree; book, scripture. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. ٱلْكِتَٰبَ ends in that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, shown here by the fathah ـَ on the last letter. The Scripture is what the reciting lands on. L9 · R3

Interrogative Particle · حرف استفهامAn interrogative particle turns a statement into a question. The prefix أَ combines here with other small words to make أَفَلَا 'will you not…?' — one of the Quran's confronting question-openers. L17 · R1

Supplementary Particle · حرف زائدA supplementary particle is an extra word added for weight and rhythm — removing it would not change the core meaning, though it always presses the expression harder. The فَ tucked between the question أَ and the 'not' لَا is such an added word: 'then will you not…?'. L14 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. لَا · 'not/no' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word like لَا meaning 'not', which flips a statement to its opposite. Here لَا negates the verb after it inside the question: 'will you NOT reason?'. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَعْقِلُ is an action unfolding now: 'you use reason?', from the root عقل: to bind the feet of a camel with a rope; to understand, comprehend. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَعْقِلُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'you use reason?', from the root عقل: to bind the feet of a camel with a rope; to understand, comprehend. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. تَعْقِلُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — تَعْقِلُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ of تَعْقِلُونَ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4