Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one command to another. The prefix وَ joins the giving of zakāh onto the establishing of prayer. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ءَاتُ names an action — giving — from the root اتي, to come, bring, give. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you'. ءَاتُوا۟ is that command form, telling a group 'give!' — the ending وا۟ pointing the order at 'you all'. L10 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to vanish. The root of ءَاتُ is اتي: its final weak ي has dropped away in this command shape. L24 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) as one of its root letters, and the hamza keeps changing its written seat, which can disguise the root. The root اتي begins with a hamza; in ءَاتُوا۟ it hides inside the long-ā opening ءَا. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is identified by a hamza added to the front of the root letters. In ءَاتُوا۟ that added hamza and the root's own first-letter hamza have melted together into the long-ā opening ءَا, so no separate prefix letter shows — the fused opening is itself the form's mark: to hand over, give. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on وَءَاتُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on وَءَاتُوا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word. Here the ز is one of the fourteen 'solar' letters — letters made near where the ل itself is made, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — so the ز doubles, shown by the shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark above it. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱل ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names the zakāh — the purifying alms — from the root زكو, to be clean. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she', typically marked by a ة at its end. ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ends in exactly that ة: zakāh is a 'she'-word. L2 · R1

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ends in that fathah ـَ on its ة. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, shown here by the fathah ـَ on the ة. The zakāh is what the giving must land on. L9 · R3

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one command to another. The prefix وَ joins the bowing onto the giving of zakāh. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ٱرْكَعُ names an action — bowing — from the root ركع, to bow down in prayer. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its prefix and adding a helping ٱ when what remains starts with a vowelless letter. ٱرْكَعُوا۟ shows that helping ٱ, commanding a group: 'bow!' — the ending وا۟ pointing the order at 'you all'. L10 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on وَٱرْكَعُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on وَٱرْكَعُوا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. مَعَ 'with' is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word right after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. مَعَ means 'with': bow 'with those who bow'. L4 · R1

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word. Here the ر is one of the fourteen 'solar' letters — letters made near where the ل itself is made, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — so the ر doubles, shown by the shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark above it. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱل ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names those who bow, from the root ركع, to bow down in prayer. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); ٱلرَّٰكِعِينَ ends in exactly that ـِينَ: the many who bow. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, usually a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. For this kind of plural the genitive shows itself instead as the ending ـِينَ, which ٱلرَّٰكِعِينَ carries because مَعَ stands before it. L2 · R12

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root on the pattern فَاعِل to name the doer of the action. رَٰكِع is built on that pattern from the root ركع (to bow down in prayer): one who bows. L11 · R1