But Satan caused them to slip out of it and removed them from that [condition] in which they had been. And We said, "Go down, [all of you], as enemies to one another, and you will have upon the earth a place of settlement and provision for a time."
Sahih International
Grammar, phrase by phrase
فَأَزَلَّهُمَا ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ عَنْهَا
(But Satan caused them to slip out of it)
Root زلل — to slip, to slide, to make a mistake · 4 times in the Quran
Root شطن — to oppose and mislead, Satan/devil/evil one · 88 times in the Quran
فَأَزَلَّهُمَاword 1
Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix فَ here turns the account from the command to what then happened. L14 · R1
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَزَلَّ names an action — causing to slip — from the root زلل, to slip, slide, make a mistake. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb in its base shape is the bare 'he' form with no added person ending, naming a completed action. أَزَلَّ is that bare form — 'he made slip' — and the أَ at its front belongs to the verb's Form IV pattern, not to any present-tense prefix. L8 · R1
Doubled Verb · فعل مضاعفA doubled verb is one whose second and third root letters are the same letter, written once with the shaddah ـّ — the small w-shaped doubling mark. The root of أَزَلَّ is زلل, its two ل's folded into the single ل carrying that shaddah ـّ. L24 · R10
Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is identified by a hamza added to the front of the root letters in the past tense, usually giving a causing sense. أَزَلَّ opens with exactly that added hamza أَ before its root زلل: he CAUSED the two to slip. L12 · R5
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb; attached to a verb it names the one the action lands on. The ending هُمَا on فَأَزَلَّهُمَا stands for 'them two' — Adam and his wife. L3 · R7
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending هُمَا 'them two' is that object: the making-slip landed on them both. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5
ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُword 2
Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word. Here the ش is one of the fourteen 'solar' letters — letters made near where the ل itself is made, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — so the ش doubles, shown by the shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark above it. L2 · R9
Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word — it covers proper names as well as things and ideas. ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ names Satan, from the root شطن, to oppose and mislead. L1 · R6
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the subject of its sentence, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action of a verb, and it always takes the nominative — shown here by the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl on ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ. Satan is the doer of أَزَلَّ: he is the one who made them slip. L9 · R2
عَنْهَاword 3
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. عَنْ is such a helper word here. L1 · R8
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. عَنْ 'from/away from' is one of the common prepositions: 'out of it'. L4 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending هَا on عَنْهَا stands for 'it' — what the two were made to slip away from. L3 · R6
The Shaytan made them slip therefrom — either meaning he led Adam and Hawwa' away from Paradise, or, as al-Hasan and Qatadah said, he tripped them by means of the forbidden tree.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:36
فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِيهِ ۖ
(…and removed them from that [condition] in which they had been.)
Root خرج — to go out, bring forth · 182 times in the Quran
Root كون — to be, exist, happen · 1,390 times in the Quran
فَأَخْرَجَهُمَاword 4
Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word; فَ means 'and then', joining what follows in close sequence. The prefix فَ joins the removal straight onto the slipping. L4 · R4
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَخْرَجَ names an action — bringing out — from the root خرج, to go out, bring forth. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb in its base shape is the bare 'he' form with no added person ending, naming a completed action. أَخْرَجَ is that bare form — 'he brought out' — and the أَ at its front belongs to the verb's Form IV pattern, not to any present-tense prefix. L8 · R1
Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is identified by a hamza added to the front of the root letters in the past tense, usually giving a causing sense. أَخْرَجَ opens with exactly that added hamza أَ before its root خرج (to go out): he CAUSED the two to go out — 'he removed them'. L12 · R5
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb; attached to a verb it names the one the action lands on. The ending هُمَا on فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا stands for 'them two' — Adam and his wife. L3 · R7
Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending هُمَا 'them two' is that object: the removal landed on them both. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5
مِمَّاword 5
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. The مِ of مِمَّا — the preposition مِنْ written short — is such a helper word. L1 · R8
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing. Here مِنْ 'from' is written as مِ, fused with the word after it: 'from that which…'. L4 · R1
Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a describing sentence onto something. مَّا is the form used for non-human things — 'that which': that in which they had been. L5 · R13
كَانَاword 6
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or state tied to a time. كَانَا names a state — being — from the root كون, to be, exist, happen. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb carries its person marker as an ending glued to the verb's tail. On كَانَا that ending is the ا of 'they two': 'they both were'. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften into long vowels or vanish. The root of كَانَا is كون: its middle و hides here behind the long ا. L24 · R2
Kāna Verb · كان وأخواتهاكَانَ 'was' is an incomplete verb: saying only 'they both were' leaves the thought hanging — were WHERE, in what? — so it needs both a topic and a comment. Here the topic is the attached ا 'they two', and the comment is the phrase فِيهِ 'in it', which completes the meaning: 'that in which they had been'. L18 · R1
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending ا on كَانَا is such a suffix, standing for 'they two' — the topic كَانَ speaks about, a slot that stays in the nominative, the ḍammah ـُ form; the pronoun's fixed written shape carries that role. L3 · R6
فِيهِ ۖword 7
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. فِي is such a helper word here. L1 · R8
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing. فِي means 'in': 'in it'. L4 · R1
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending هِ on فِيهِ stands for 'it' — the condition they had been in. L3 · R6
'And got them out from that in which they were' — meaning the clothes, the spacious dwelling, and the comfortable sustenance.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:36
So far: “But Satan caused them to slip out of it and removed them from that [condition] in which they had been.”
وَقُلْنَا ٱهْبِطُوا۟
(And We said, "Go down, [all of you],)
Root قول — to say, speak, tell · 1,722 times in the Quran
Root هبط — to descend, fall, to cause to come down · 8 times in the Quran
وَقُلْنَاword 8
Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix وَ here opens the decree that follows the fall. L14 · R1
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. قُلْنَا names an action — saying — from the root قول, to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7
Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb carries its person marker as an ending glued to the verb's tail. On وَقُلْنَا that ending is نَا, the 'We' marker — note the sukūn ـْ, the small circle above the ل, closing the verb before it: 'We said'. L8 · R2
Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften or vanish. The root of قُلْنَا is قول; its weak middle و has dropped away in this shape, leaving the short قُلْ. L24 · R2
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending نَا on وَقُلْنَا is such a suffix, standing for 'We'. L3 · R7
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَا on وَقُلْنَا is that doer, 'We'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4
ٱهْبِطُوا۟word 9
Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. ٱهْبِطُ names an action — going down — from the root هبط, to descend, fall. L1 · R7
Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', formed from the present-tense verb by removing its prefix and adding a helping ٱ when what remains starts with a vowelless letter. ٱهْبِطُوا۟ shows that helping ٱ, commanding a group: 'go down!' — the ending وا۟ pointing the order at 'you all'. L10 · R1
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending وا۟ on ٱهْبِطُوا۟ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all' — those commanded to descend. L3 · R6
Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on ٱهْبِطُوا۟ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4
بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّۭ ۖ
(…as enemies to one another,)
Root بعض — some, part, a portion · 158 times in the Quran
Root عدو — to be an enemy, enmity, hostility, to transgress · 106 times in the Quran
بَعْضُكُمْword 10
Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, thing, or portion. بَعْضُ names a part — 'some' — from the root بعض: some, part, a portion. L1 · R6
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the topic of its statement, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. بَعْضُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ. L2 · R10
Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, shown here by the ḍammah ـُ above its last letter. بَعْضُكُمْ 'some of you' is that topic, and 'an enemy to others' is what is said about it. L6 · R2
Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl describes the state things are in while the main action happens, and one of its forms is a whole mini-sentence. The sentence opening with بَعْضُكُمْ — 'some of you being an enemy to others' — describes the state in which they go down. L21 · R6
Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'your/you all' glued onto the end of another word. The ending كُمْ on بَعْضُكُمْ stands for 'you all': 'some OF you'. L3 · R7
Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending كُمْ 'you all' is that owner glued onto بَعْضُ: 'some of you'. A pronoun like كُمْ keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5
لِبَعْضٍword 11
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix لِ means 'to': an enemy 'to others'. L4 · R1
Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. بَعْضٍ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ and names a part — 'others', from the root بعض: some, part, a portion. L1 · R2
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is general and unspecified, shown by tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. بَعْضٍ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ: 'others', unspecified. L2 · R8
Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown here by the doubled kasrah ـٍ below the last letter. بَعْضٍ carries it because لِ stands before it. L2 · R12
عَدُوٌّۭ ۖword 12
Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. عَدُوٌّۭ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ and names an enemy, from the root عدو, to be an enemy, enmity, hostility. L1 · R2
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is general and unspecified, shown by tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. عَدُوٌّۭ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ — the usual dress of a one-word comment about a topic. L2 · R8
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. عَدُوٌّۭ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10
Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, standing in the nominative in its own right — here the doubled ḍammah ـٌ above the last letter. The topic was بَعْضُكُمْ 'some of you'; عَدُوٌّۭ, carrying that ending, is what is said about it, with the 'is' understood: 'some of you ARE an enemy to others'. L6 · R3
وَلَكُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّۭ
(…and you will have upon the earth a place of settlement)
Root ارض — earth, land, ground · 461 times in the Quran
Root قرر — to settle, establish, make firm; settlement, dwelling · 38 times in the Quran
وَلَكُمْword 13
Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word that ties one clause to another. The prefix وَ joins the promise of a dwelling to the command to descend. L4 · R4
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix لَ means 'for': 'for you'. L4 · R1
Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here كُمْ 'you all'. Joined after the preposition لَ, it names those the dwelling is for: 'for you'. L3 · R7
فِىword 14
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. فِى is such a helper word here. L1 · R8
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word right after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. فِى means 'in/upon': 'upon the earth'. L4 · R1
ٱلْأَرْضِword 15
Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word to mark one specific, known thing. Here it marks أَرْضِ as 'the earth'. L2 · R9
Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱلْ ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names a thing: 'the earth', from the root ارض, earth, land, ground. L1 · R1
Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she'. أَرْض 'earth' is one of the special words counted feminine without any visible marker — it must simply be known — so it is treated as feminine. L2 · R2
Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. ٱلْأَرْضِ carries that kasrah ـِ because فِى stands before it. L2 · R12
مُسْتَقَرٌّۭword 16
Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. مُسْتَقَرٌّۭ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ and names a place of settling, from the root قرر, to settle, establish, make firm. L1 · R2
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' — no particular one — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. مُسْتَقَرٌّۭ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ: 'a place of settlement'. L2 · R8
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as the topic of its statement, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. مُسْتَقَرٌّۭ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10
Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a statement talks about — its topic — standing in the nominative, shown here by the doubled ḍammah ـٌ above its last letter. مُسْتَقَرٌّۭ 'a place of settlement' is that topic; what is said about it, 'for you, upon the earth', stands before it in this sentence. L6 · R2
Passive Participle · اسم مفعولA passive participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name what the action settles upon; for the derived verb families it begins with مُـ and carries a fathah ـَ — a small stroke — above the letter before the last root letter. مُسْتَقَرٌّۭ begins with مُـ and has that fathah on the قَ: a place where settling is made — 'a dwelling place'. L11 · R3
وَمَتَـٰعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٍۢ
(…and provision for a time.")
Root متع — to provide provision, grant enjoyment or benefit · 70 times in the Quran
Root حين — time, period, appointed moment · 35 times in the Quran
وَمَتَـٰعٌword 17
Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one item to another, and the joined item copies the case of the one before it. The prefix وَ joins 'provision' to 'a place of settlement', so مَتَٰعٌ too carries the nominative doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L4 · R4
Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. مَتَٰعٌ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ and names a thing: provision, enjoyment, from the root متع, to provide provision, grant enjoyment. L1 · R2
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' — no particular one — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. مَتَٰعٌ ends in the doubled ḍammah ـٌ: 'a provision'. L2 · R8
Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. مَتَٰعٌ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ, matching 'a place of settlement' it is joined to. L2 · R10
إِلَىٰword 18
Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. إِلَىٰ is such a helper word here. L1 · R8
Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. إِلَىٰ 'to/until' is one of the common prepositions: provision 'until a time'. L4 · R2
حِينٍۢword 19
Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. حِينٍۢ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ and names a time: a period, from the root حين, time, period, appointed moment. L1 · R2
Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3
Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' — no particular one named — and shows this with tanwīn, the doubled end-vowel mark. حِينٍۢ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ: 'a time', its end unstated. L2 · R8
Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown here by the doubled kasrah ـٍ below the last letter. حِينٍۢ carries it because إِلَىٰ 'until' stands before it. L2 · R12
Meaning dwelling, sustenance, and a limited life until the commencement of the Day of Resurrection; Ibn Abbas said Adam was sent down to an area called Dahna, between Makkah and At-Ta'if.
Ibn Kathir (abridged), on 2:36
So far: “But Satan caused them to slip out of it and removed them from that [condition] in which they had been. And We said, "Go down, [all of you], as enemies to one another, and you will have upon the earth a place of settlement and provision for a time."”