Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أَنۢبِئْ is a command: 'Inform them', from the root نبا: to inform, give news; prophet, prophecy. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', its final letter resting on a sukūn ـْ — the small circle meaning no vowel follows. أَنۢبِئْ commands one person, Adam, and ends in exactly that sukūn on its final hamza seat: 'inform!'. L10 · R1

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of أَنۢبِئْ is نبا, whose final letter is that hamza — seated here as ئْ, since the hamza's written seat changes with the vowels around it. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — often giving the sense of making or causing the action — and the command shape keeps that added hamza. أَنۢبِئْ carries it at its front: 'Inform them', from the root نبا: to inform, give news; prophet, prophecy. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هُم · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — أَنۢبِئْهُم — naming the one the action lands on. L3 · R6

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending هُم 'them' is that object: the informing is to reach them. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَسْمَآئِ names such a thing: 'of their names', from the root سمو: to be high, elevated; name; sky, heaven. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَسْمَآء is such a broken plural: the singular اِسْم (name) is reshaped from within. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. أَسْمَآئِ stands right after such a little word and carries exactly that kasrah ـِ on its own final letter — tucked inside بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ, just before the small piece fastened to the word's end. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'their' glued onto the end of another word. The ending هِمْ on بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ stands for 'their': 'their names'. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending هِمْ 'their' is that owner glued onto أَسْمَآئِ: the names belong to those displayed things. A pronoun like هِمْ keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or a shift of topic — it starts the speech anew rather than adding one more item to a list. The prefix فَ · 'then' at the front of فَلَمَّآ opens such a fresh start. L14 · R1

Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word of time that anchors a sentence to when its action happened. لَمَّآ means 'when', anchoring what follows to the completed moment of Adam's informing. L16 · R10

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أَنۢبَأَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'he had informed them', from the root نبا: to inform, give news; prophet, prophecy. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and أَنۢبَأَ is exactly that bare base: 'he had informed them', from the root نبا: to inform, give news; prophet, prophecy. L8 · R1

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of أَنۢبَأَ is نبا, whose final letter is that hamza — the second أَ of the word, standing right before the ending هُم. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. أَنۢبَأَ carries that added hamza at its front: 'he had informed them', from the root نبا: to inform, give news; prophet, prophecy. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هُم · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — أَنۢبَأَهُم — naming the one the action lands on. L3 · R6

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending هُم 'them' is that object: the informing landed on the angels. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَسْمَآئِ names such a thing: 'of their names', from the root سمو: to be high, elevated; name; sky, heaven. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَسْمَآء is such a broken plural: the singular اِسْم (name) is reshaped from within. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. أَسْمَآئِ stands right after such a little word and carries exactly that kasrah ـِ on its own final letter — tucked inside بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ, just before the small piece fastened to the word's end. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'their' glued onto the end of another word. The ending هِمْ on بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ stands for 'their': 'their names'. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending هِمْ 'their' is that owner glued onto أَسْمَآئِ. A pronoun like هِمْ keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قَالَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'He said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and قَالَ is exactly that bare base: 'He said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قَالَ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Interrogative Particle · حرف استفهامThe question prefix أَ joined to لَمْ makes أَلَمْ, 'Did … not?' — a negative question expecting the answer 'yes', one of the Quran's most common ways of pressing a point: 'Did I not tell you?'. L17 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. لَمْ · 'did not' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not'. لَمْ 'did not' negates a present-tense verb form while giving it a past meaning, and cuts that verb down to the jussive — the shortened mood: 'did I not say'. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أَقُل is an action unfolding now: 'I say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb is the verb shape that opens with one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت; small helper words before it can bend its time and mood. أَقُل wears that present-tense shape, opening with exactly such a letter: 'I say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R3

Jussive Mood · الفعل المجزومThe jussive mood is the cut-short present form triggered by a particle like لَمْ, its usual sign a sukūn ـْ — a small circle — on the final letter. أَقُل stands in that mood because لَمْ comes before it; in this verb the shortening goes further, squeezing out the long middle vowel: أَقُولُ shrinks to أَقُل. L10 · R5

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften or vanish. The root of أَقُل is قول; its weak middle و has vanished entirely in this shortened shape. L24 · R4

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَّ at the front of لَّكُمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here كُمْ 'you all'. Joined after the preposition لَّ, it names those addressed: 'to you'. L3 · R7

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ 'indeed' — carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ, a small w-shaped mark — is a particle of the family حرف مشبه بالفعل that opens a topic-plus-comment sentence, adds emphasis, and pushes its topic into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form. Joined with 'me' it reads إِنِّىٓ: 'indeed, I…'. L15 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending ىٓ on إِنِّىٓ stands for 'I' — the topic إِنَّ pushes into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form; a pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so the role, not a visible fathah, carries that case. L3 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أَعْلَمُ is an action unfolding now: '[I] know', from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. أَعْلَمُ opens with exactly such a letter: '[I] know', from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L8 · R3

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. غَيْبَ names such a thing: '(the) unseen', from the root غيب: the unseen, hidden from perception. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. غَيْبَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. غَيْبَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, in the accusative — the fathah ـَ, the small stroke above the last letter. The knowing of أَعْلَمُ lands on غَيْبَ: what I know is the unseen. L9 · R3

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. Because the next letter, س, is one of the fourteen 'sun-letters' — letters made in the same part of the mouth as ل itself, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — the ل of the prefix melts into it and doubles it, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped doubling mark written above the letter: ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱل ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names things: 'the heavens', from the root سمو, to be high, elevated; sky. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. سَّمَٰوَٰتِ closes with the sound feminine plural ending ـَات — the ending Arabic adds to name three or more of something feminine — and that plural ending marks the word as feminine: '(of) the heavens'. L2 · R6

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural — the plural of a feminine naming word — adds the ending ـَات, and ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ carries that ending: the heavens. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes as the owner in an 'of' phrase, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ carries that kasrah ـِ as the paired word of 'the unseen': 'the unseen OF the heavens'. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' pair whose second word always takes the genitive — the owner's ending, the kasrah ـِ, the small stroke below the last letter. ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ is that second word, chained to غَيْبَ: the unseen of the heavens. L5 · R5

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَٱلْأَرْضِ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): وَٱلْأَرْضِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَرْضِ names such a thing: 'and the earth', from the root ارض: earth, land, ground. L1 · R6

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. Most feminine nouns wear a visible marker — a ة at the end, a final ى, or اء — but أَرْضِ shows none of these: it is one of the words Arabic simply knows as feminine, learned with the word itself: 'and the earth'. L2 · R2

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. أَرْضِ carries that kasrah ـِ, matching the case of 'the heavens' it is joined to. L2 · R12

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَأَعْلَمُ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. أَعْلَمُ is an action unfolding now: 'and I know', from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. أَعْلَمُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'and I know', from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L8 · R3

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'what' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is what the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The knowing of أَعْلَمُ lands on مَا 'what you reveal'; this word keeps one fixed written shape, so no fathah appears on it — the object role is carried by its place in the sentence. L9 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تُبْدُ is an action unfolding now: 'you reveal', from the root بدو: to appear, become manifest or visible; desert life, bedouin. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تُبْدُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'you reveal', from the root بدو: to appear, become manifest or visible; desert life, bedouin. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. تُبْدُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of تُبْدُ is بدو: to appear, become manifest or visible; desert life, bedouin — and its last letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters; in the present tense this form announces itself instead by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the letter — sitting on the verb's opening prefix letter. تُبْدُ carries exactly that ḍammah ـُ on its opening letter: 'you reveal', from the root بدو: to appear, become manifest or visible; desert life, bedouin. L12 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — تُبْدُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ of تُبْدُونَ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَمَا is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَا · 'and what' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. كُن speaks of an action already carried out: 'you [were]', from the root كون: to be, exist, happen. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On كُنتُمْ that ending is تُمْ, telling exactly who is meant: 'you [were]', from the root كون: to be, exist, happen. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of كُن is كون: to be, exist, happen — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Kāna Verb · كان وأخواتهاكَانَ 'was/have been' is an incomplete verb: it needs both a topic and a comment to finish its meaning, keeping its topic nominative — the ḍammah ـُ form. Here its topic is the attached تُمْ 'you all', and its comment is the action-sentence تَكْتُمُونَ 'you conceal', which follows to complete the meaning: 'you have been concealing'. L18 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending تُمْ on كُنتُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all' — the topic كَانَ speaks about, a slot that stays in the nominative, the ḍammah ـُ form; the pronoun's fixed written shape carries that role. L3 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تَكْتُمُ is an action unfolding now: 'conceal', from the root كتم: to conceal, hide. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb describes an action happening now or still to come, and it is recognized by its opening letter — one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَكْتُمُ opens with exactly such a letter: 'conceal', from the root كتم: to conceal, hide. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. تَكْتُمُونَ is one of them: its ending ونَ keeps that closing ن, and for these five shapes the kept ن is itself the grammar-sign that the verb stands in its plain, ordinary mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. ونَ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — تَكْتُمُونَ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ of تَكْتُمُونَ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4