Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَنۢبِئْ names an action — informing — from the root نبا, to inform, give news; prophet. L1 · R7

Imperative Verb · فعل أمرAn imperative verb is a direct command addressed to 'you', its final letter resting on a sukūn ـْ — the small circle meaning no vowel follows. أَنۢبِئْ commands one person, Adam, and ends in exactly that sukūn on its final hamza seat: 'inform!'. L10 · R1

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of أَنۢبِئْ is نبا, whose final letter is that hamza — seated here as ئْ, since the hamza's written seat changes with the vowels around it. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is identified by a hamza added to the front of the root letters. This command comes from the Form IV verb أَنۢبَأَ 'he informed', whose added hamza أَ stands before the root نبا — the same أَ that opens this command shape. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb; attached to a verb it names the one the action lands on. The ending هُم on أَنۢبِئْهُم stands for 'them' — the angels. L3 · R6

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending هُم 'them' is that object: the informing is to reach them. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix بِ means 'of/about': inform them 'of their names'. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, thing, or idea. أَسْمَآئِ names things: 'names', from the root سمو, to be high, elevated; name. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَسْمَآء is such a broken plural: the singular اِسْم (name) is reshaped from within. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter, visible here under the hamza seat ئِ. أَسْمَآئِ carries it because بِ stands before it. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'their' glued onto the end of another word. The ending هِمْ on بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ stands for 'their': 'their names'. L3 · R7

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending هِمْ 'their' is that owner glued onto أَسْمَآئِ: the names belong to those displayed things. A pronoun like هِمْ keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5

Resumptive Particle · حرف استئنافA resumptive particle is a وَ or فَ that begins a fresh statement after a pause or shift. The prefix فَ here carries the account forward: 'And when he had informed them…'. L14 · R1

Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word of time that anchors a sentence to when its action happened. لَمَّآ means 'when', anchoring what follows to the completed moment of Adam's informing. L16 · R10

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَنۢبَأَ names an action — informing — from the root نبا, to inform, give news; prophet. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb in its base shape is the bare 'he' form with no added person ending, naming a completed action. أَنۢبَأَ is that bare form — 'he informed' — and the أَ at its front belongs to the verb's Form IV pattern, not to any present-tense prefix. L8 · R1

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has the hamza ء as one of its root letters. The root of أَنۢبَأَ is نبا, whose final letter is that hamza — the second أَ of the word, standing right before the ending هُم. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is identified by a hamza added to the front of the root letters in the past tense. أَنۢبَأَ opens with exactly that added hamza أَ before its root نبا, marking it as Form IV: he caused them to know — 'he informed them'. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb; attached to a verb it names the one the action lands on. The ending هُم on أَنۢبَأَهُم stands for 'them' — the angels. L3 · R6

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending هُم 'them' is that object: the informing landed on the angels. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition ending, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix بِ means 'of/about': informed them 'of their names'. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, thing, or idea. أَسْمَآئِ names things: 'names', from the root سمو, to be high, elevated; name. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more — made either by adding an ending or by reshaping the word from the inside, which is called a broken plural. أَسْمَآء is such a broken plural: the singular اِسْم (name) is reshaped from within. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes after a preposition, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter, visible here under the hamza seat ئِ. أَسْمَآئِ carries it because بِ stands before it. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'their' glued onto the end of another word. The ending هِمْ on بِأَسْمَآئِهِمْ stands for 'their': 'their names'. L3 · R7

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending هِمْ 'their' is that owner glued onto أَسْمَآئِ. A pronoun like هِمْ keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries. L5 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. قَالَ names an action — saying — from the root قول, to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb in its base shape is the bare 'he' form with no added ending, naming a completed action. قَالَ is exactly that bare form: 'He said'. L8 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften into long vowels or vanish. The root of قَالَ is قول: its middle و hides here behind the long ا. L24 · R2

Interrogative Particle · حرف استفهامThe question prefix أَ joined to لَمْ makes أَلَمْ, 'Did … not?' — a negative question expecting the answer 'yes', one of the Quran's most common ways of pressing a point: 'Did I not tell you?'. L17 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. لَمْ is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Negation Particle · حرف نفيA negation particle is a word meaning 'not'. لَمْ 'did not' negates a present-tense verb form while giving it a past meaning, and cuts that verb down to the jussive — the shortened mood: 'did I not say'. L4 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَقُل names an action — saying — from the root قول, to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb opens with one of the four prefixes أ ن ي ت. أَقُل opens with أَ, the 'I' marker — and after لَمْ the meaning turns past: 'I did (not) say'. L8 · R3

Jussive Mood · الفعل المجزومThe jussive mood is the cut-short present form triggered by a particle like لَمْ, its usual sign a sukūn ـْ — a small circle — on the final letter. أَقُل stands in that mood because لَمْ comes before it; in this verb the shortening goes further, squeezing out the long middle vowel: أَقُولُ shrinks to أَقُل. L10 · R5

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften or vanish. The root of أَقُل is قول; its weak middle و has vanished entirely in this shortened shape. L24 · R2

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix لَّ means 'to': tell 'to you'. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here كُمْ 'you all'. Joined after the preposition لَّ, it names those addressed: 'to you'. L3 · R7

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ 'indeed' — carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ, a small w-shaped mark — is a particle of the family حرف مشبه بالفعل that opens a topic-plus-comment sentence, adds emphasis, and pushes its topic into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form. Joined with 'me' it reads إِنِّىٓ: 'indeed, I…'. L15 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending ىٓ on إِنِّىٓ stands for 'I' — the topic إِنَّ pushes into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form; a pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so the role, not a visible fathah, carries that case. L3 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَعْلَمُ names an action — knowing — from the root علم, to know, knowledge. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb describes an ongoing action and opens with one of the four prefixes أ ن ي ت. أَعْلَمُ opens with أَ, the 'I' marker: 'I know'. L8 · R3

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, thing, or idea. غَيْبَ names an idea — the unseen — from the root غيب, the unseen, hidden from perception. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending a naming word takes when the action lands on it, shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. غَيْبَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the thing the action lands on, in the accusative — the fathah ـَ, the small stroke above the last letter. The knowing of أَعْلَمُ lands on غَيْبَ: what I know is the unseen. L9 · R3

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word. Here the س is one of the fourteen 'solar' letters — letters made near where the ل itself is made, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — so the س doubles, shown by the shaddah ـّ, the small w-shaped doubling mark above it. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱل ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names things: 'the heavens', from the root سمو, to be high, elevated; sky. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she', marked by ة, by ى, or by the ending اء. This word is the plural of سَمَآء 'heaven', which ends in exactly that اء; in the plural the feminine marking lives on in the ending ـَات. L2 · R1

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural — the plural of a feminine naming word — adds the ending ـَات, and ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ carries that ending: the heavens. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes as the owner in an 'of' phrase, shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ carries that kasrah ـِ as the paired word of 'the unseen': 'the unseen OF the heavens'. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' pair whose second word always takes the genitive — the owner's ending, the kasrah ـِ, the small stroke below the last letter. ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ is that second word, chained to غَيْبَ: the unseen of the heavens. L5 · R5

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word like 'and' that ties one item to another, and the joined item copies the case of the one before it. The prefix وَ joins 'the earth' to 'the heavens', so it too carries the genitive kasrah ـِ. L4 · R4

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word to mark one specific, known thing. Here it marks أَرْضِ as 'the earth'. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱلْ ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names a thing: 'the earth', from the root ارض, earth, land, ground. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as 'she'. أَرْض 'earth' is one of the special words counted feminine without any visible marker — it must simply be known — so it is treated as feminine. L2 · R2

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending shown by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke below the last letter. أَرْضِ carries that kasrah ـِ, matching the case of 'the heavens' it is joined to. L2 · R12

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word that ties one statement to another. The prefix وَ joins 'I know what you reveal' to 'I know the unseen'. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. أَعْلَمُ names an action — knowing — from the root علم, to know, knowledge. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb describes an ongoing action and opens with one of the four prefixes أ ن ي ت. أَعْلَمُ opens with أَ, the 'I' marker: 'I know'. L8 · R3

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a describing sentence onto something. مَا is the form used for non-human things — 'what/that which': what you reveal. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is what the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The knowing of أَعْلَمُ lands on مَا 'what you reveal'; this word keeps one fixed written shape, so no fathah appears on it — the object role is carried by its place in the sentence. L9 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تُبْدُ names an action — revealing, making appear — from the root بدو, to appear, become manifest or visible. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb describes an ongoing action and opens with one of the four prefixes أ ن ي ت. تُبْدُونَ opens with تُ, the 'you' marker together with its plural ending: 'you reveal'. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present shapes ending in نَ, one being تَفْعَلُونَ 'you all do'; for these shapes that final نَ itself is the mood sign — kept in the plain mood, dropped after words like لَمْ or لَنْ. تُبْدُونَ keeps its نَ, showing the plain, unaltered mood. L10 · R10

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften or vanish. The root of تُبْدُونَ is بدو, whose weak final و folds here into the long 'ū' of the plural ending. L24 · R2

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَIn the present tense a Form IV verb is identified by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl — on its prefix letter. تُبْدُونَ carries exactly that ḍammah on its prefix تُ, marking the causing pattern: you CAUSE things to appear — 'you reveal'. L12 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. In the ending ونَ of تُبْدُونَ, the و is that mini-word, standing for 'you all' — the angels. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ of تُبْدُونَ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word that ties one item to another. The prefix وَ joins 'what you have concealed' to 'what you reveal'. L4 · R4

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a describing sentence onto something. مَا is the form used for non-human things — 'what/that which': what you have been concealing. L5 · R13

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or state tied to a time. كُنتُمْ names a state — being — from the root كون, to be, exist, happen. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb describes a completed state, marking who by an ending glued to the base. The ending تُمْ on كُنتُمْ marks 'you all': 'you have been'. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is one whose root contains the weak letter و or ي — letters that love to soften or vanish. The root of كُنتُمْ is كون; its weak middle و has dropped away in this shape, leaving the short كُن. L24 · R2

Kāna Verb · كان وأخواتهاكَانَ 'was/have been' is an incomplete verb: it needs both a topic and a comment to finish its meaning, keeping its topic nominative — the ḍammah ـُ form. Here its topic is the attached تُمْ 'you all', and its comment is the action-sentence تَكْتُمُونَ 'you conceal', which follows to complete the meaning: 'you have been concealing'. L18 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. The ending تُمْ on كُنتُمْ is such a suffix, standing for 'you all' — the topic كَانَ speaks about, a slot that stays in the nominative, the ḍammah ـُ form; the pronoun's fixed written shape carries that role. L3 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. تَكْتُمُ names an action — concealing — from the root كتم, to conceal, hide. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present tense verb describes an ongoing action and opens with one of the four prefixes أ ن ي ت. تَكْتُمُونَ opens with تَ, the 'you' marker together with its plural ending; paired with كُنتُمْ it paints the concealing as something kept up: 'you have been concealing'. L8 · R3

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present shapes ending in نَ, one being تَفْعَلُونَ 'you all do'; for these shapes that final نَ itself is the mood sign — kept in the plain mood, dropped after words like لَمْ or لَنْ. تَكْتُمُونَ keeps its نَ, showing the plain, unaltered mood. L10 · R10

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. In the ending ونَ of تَكْتُمُونَ, the و is that mini-word, standing for 'you all'. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The و in the ending ونَ of تَكْتُمُونَ is that doer, 'you all'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4