Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word with no meaning standing alone; it takes no ending and does not name or act. لَا is such a helper word here. L1 · R8

Negation Particle · حرف نفيThis لَا denies an entire category at once — 'there is NO … at all' — and the naming word straight after it takes a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above its last letter. Here it denies all knowledge: 'no knowledge whatsoever have we'. L4 · R7

Noun · اسمA noun is a naming word for a person, thing, or idea. عِلْمَ names an idea — knowledge — from the root علم, to know, knowledge. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. عِلْمَ carries exactly that single fathah ـَ, with no doubling, because the category-denying لَا before it puts its naming word in the accusative: 'NO knowledge at all'. L2 · R11

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little word that relates one thing to another and pulls the naming word after it into the genitive — the after-preposition standing, usually a kasrah ـِ, a small stroke below the last letter. The prefix لَ means 'for': 'for us'. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here نَآ 'us'. Joined after the preposition لَ, it names those who lack the knowledge: 'we have no knowledge'. L3 · R7

Exception Particle · أداة الاستثناءAn exception particle carves someone or something out of a general statement, and إِلَّا 'except' is the chief one. After the denial 'no knowledge have we', the pair means 'only': only what You have taught us. L19 · R2

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a describing sentence onto something. مَا is the form used for non-human things — 'what/that which': what You have taught us. L5 · R13

Apposition (Badal) · بدلAn apposition is a second expression that renames what came before it to make it clearer. مَا 'what You have taught us' renames the knowledge just denied and excepted: the only knowledge we have, namely what You taught. L7 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action tied to a time. عَلَّمْ names an action — teaching — from the root علم, to know, knowledge. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past tense verb carries its person marker as an ending glued to the verb's tail. On عَلَّمْتَنَآ that ending is تَ, the 'You' marker — note the sukūn ـْ, the small circle above the م, closing the verb before it: 'You taught'. L8 · R2

Form II Verb · فَعَّلَA Form II verb doubles its middle root letter, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped mark meaning the letter is said twice — and often makes the action land on others: عَلِمَ 'he knew' becomes عَلَّمَ 'he taught'. In عَلَّمْتَنَآ that shaddah sits on the ل, the middle letter of the root علم. L12 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of a verb. عَلَّمْتَنَآ carries two: the ending تَ standing for 'You', and the ending نَآ standing for 'us' — 'You taught us'. L3 · R7

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending تَ on عَلَّمْتَنَآ is that doer, 'You' — the One who taught; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending نَآ 'us' is that object: the teaching landed on us. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ 'indeed' — carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ, a small w-shaped mark — is a particle of the family حرف مشبه بالفعل that opens a topic-plus-comment sentence, adds emphasis, and pushes its topic into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form. Joined with 'You' it reads إِنَّكَ: 'Indeed, You…'. L15 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word; glued to a particle, it is governed by that particle. The ending كَ on إِنَّكَ stands for 'You' — the topic إِنَّ pushes into the accusative, the fathah ـَ form; a pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so the role, not a visible fathah, carries that case. L3 · R6

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/they'. أَنتَ is the standalone word 'You', spoken to Allah. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the word a statement talks about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. Read as opening an inner statement of its own, أَنتَ 'You' is such a topic, with 'the All-Knowing, the All-Wise' said about it; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so the role, not a visible ḍammah, carries the case. L6 · R2

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word to mark one specific, known one. Here it marks عَلِيمُ as 'THE All-Knowing'. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱلْ ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names a quality-holder: 'the All-Knowing', from the root علم, to know, knowledge. L1 · R1

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every naming word as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. This word carries no feminine marker such as a ة at its end, so it falls to the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Singular Noun · مفردA singular noun refers to one, showing its ending with a single short vowel mark. ٱلْعَلِيمُ is the singular form with the single ḍammah ـُ: one All-Knowing. L2 · R4

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱلْعَلِيمُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ: it is the comment about 'You', and the comment after إِنَّ keeps its nominative in its own right. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, standing in the nominative in its own right — the ḍammah ـُ, the small curl above the last letter of ٱلْعَلِيمُ. It is what is said of 'You', with the 'are' understood: 'You ARE the All-Knowing'. L6 · R3

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ ('the') fixed to the front of a naming word to mark one specific, known one. Here it marks حَكِيمُ as 'THE All-Wise'. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱلْ ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names a quality-holder: 'the All-Wise', from the root حكم, to judge, wisdom, rule. L1 · R1

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter. ٱلْحَكِيمُ ends in that ḍammah ـُ, matching the ending of ٱلْعَلِيمُ, the word it stands beside and describes. L2 · R10

Adjective · صفةAn adjective is a describing word that follows its noun and matches it in gender, number, ending, and 'the'-ness. ٱلْحَكِيمُ follows ٱلْعَلِيمُ and matches it on all four — both masculine, both singular, both with ٱلْ, both ending in the ḍammah ـُ: 'the Knowing, the Wise'. L7 · R1