Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. لَقُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they meet', from the root لقي: to meet, encounter, to cast or throw. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On لَقُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they meet', from the root لقي: to meet, encounter, to cast or throw. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of لَقُ is لقي: to meet, encounter, to cast or throw — and its last letter is the weak ي, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — لَقُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on لَقُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word like 'who' or 'which' that hooks a whole describing sentence onto whoever or whatever it points to. ٱلَّذِينَ · 'those who' is the masculine plural form — 'those who' — used when it points to a group of people. Its shape is fixed: this word never changes its ending to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the person or thing the action lands on, and it takes the accusative — the ending for what the action strikes, usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the last letter. ٱلَّذِينَ 'those who' is the one they meet; being a fixed-shape word it shows no fathah, but the role it fills is that accusative one. L9 · R3

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ءَامَنُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On ءَامَنُوا۟ that ending is وا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) among its root letters. Built from the root امن, ءَامَنُوا۟ opens with that hamza, keeping it among the hamzated kind. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. ءَامَنُ carries that added hamza at its front: 'believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ءَامَنُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وا۟ on ءَامَنُوا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قَالُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On قَالُوٓا۟ that ending is وٓا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قَالُ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وٓا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — قَالُوٓا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وٓا۟ on قَالُوٓا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ءَامَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'We believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On ءَامَنَّا that ending is نَّا, telling exactly who is meant: 'We believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L8 · R2

Hamzated Verb · فعل مهموزA hamzated verb has a hamza (ء) among its root letters. Built from the root امن, ءَامَنَّا opens with that hamza, keeping it among the hamzated kind. L24 · R11

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters — the way سَلِمَ 'was safe' becomes أَسْلَمَ 'submitted' — often giving the sense of making or causing the action. ءَامَ carries that added hamza at its front: 'We believe[d]', from the root امن: to believe, faith, security, trust. L12 · R5

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. نَّا · 'us/our' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — ءَامَنَّا — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending نَّا on ءَامَنَّا is that doer, 'we'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix وَ at the front of وَإِذَا is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Time Adverb · ظرف زمانA time adverb is a naming word that pins a sentence to the moment its action happens. إِذَا means 'when', fixing what follows to the time it occurs: 'when they are alone…'. L16 · R7

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. خَلَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they are alone', from the root خلو: to be alone, pass away, be free from, be empty. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On خَلَوْا۟ that ending is وْا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they are alone', from the root خلو: to be alone, pass away, be free from, be empty. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of خَلَ is خلو: to be alone, pass away, be free from, be empty — and its last letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits at the very end of the root. L24 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وْا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — خَلَوْا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وْا۟ on خَلَوْا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. إِلَىٰ · 'to/toward' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. إِلَىٰ · 'to/toward' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. شَيَٰطِينِ names such a thing: 'their evil ones', from the root شطن: to oppose and mislead, Satan/devil/evil one. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. شَيَـٰطِينِهِمْ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. شَيَٰطِينِ names many evil ones, its inner shape reshaped from the singular into this 'broken' plural rather than by a simple ending. L2 · R6

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. شَيَٰطِينِ stands right after such a little word and carries exactly that kasrah ـِ on its own final letter — tucked inside شَيَـٰطِينِهِمْ, just before the small piece fastened to the word's end. L2 · R12

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'their' glued onto the end of a noun. The ending هِمْ on شَيَـٰطِينِهِمْ stands for 'their', naming whose evil ones they are. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains an owner onto the thing owned, and the owner carries the genitive — the owner's ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending هِمْ 'their' is that owner glued onto شَيَٰطِينِ; a pronoun like هِمْ keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its owner slot carries: 'their evil ones'. L5 · R5

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قَالُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On قَالُوٓا۟ that ending is وٓا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قَالُ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وٓا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — قَالُوٓا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the doer's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. The ending وٓا۟ on قَالُوٓا۟ is that doer, 'they'; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ means 'indeed' and carries the doubling shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped mark that doubles its ن. It pushes its own topic into the accusative — the ending usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the last letter — while the comment stays in the nominative, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. Here its topic is the attached ا 'we', taken as its accusative subject; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no fathah appears, but the role it fills is the accusative one: 'indeed we…'. L15 · R3

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word glued onto the end of another word. The ending ا on إِنَّا is such a suffix, standing for 'we' — the topic that إِنَّ takes as its subject. L3 · R6

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending usually shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. مَعَ 'with' is a fixed word held in that accusative shape, ending in the fathah ـَ, telling where they stand: alongside their evil ones. L2 · R11

Place Adverb · ظرف مكانA place adverb is a naming word frozen in the accusative ending — usually a fathah ـَ, a small stroke above the last letter — that tells where something is. مَعَ means 'with', and it chains to the 'you' after it: 'with you'. L26 · R2

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'your' glued onto the end of a word. The ending كُمْ on مَعَكُمْ stands for 'you all', naming those they claim to stand with. L3 · R6

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains one word onto another, and the second word carries the genitive — the owner-slot ending, usually shown by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke below the last letter. The ending كُمْ 'you all' is chained to مَعَ 'with'; a pronoun like كُمْ keeps its fixed written shape, so no kasrah appears on it — the genitive is the role its slot carries: 'with you'. L5 · R5

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ means 'indeed' and carries the doubling shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped mark that doubles its ن. On its own it would push its topic into the accusative, the ending usually shown by a fathah ـَ above the last letter, while the comment stays in the nominative, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ. Here, though, the مَا joined to it blocks that push, so the topic 'we' after it keeps its plain nominative role. L15 · R2

Preventive Mā · ما الكافةThe preventive مَا is the مَا glued onto إِنَّ, making إِنَّمَا 'only'; it blocks إِنَّ's usual push into the accusative — the fathah ـَ ending — so the noun after it keeps the nominative, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ. The meaning narrows to 'only / nothing but': 'we are only mockers'. L20 · R17

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I', 'you', 'we', and the like. نَحْنُ is the standalone word 'we', naming the ones speaking. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the naming word a sentence talks about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. نَحْنُ 'we' stands as this topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one, and 'mockers' is what is said about them. L6 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ is such a naming word: '(are) mockers', from the root هزا: to mock, ridicule, make mockery. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. Even as a plural, مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is a masculine noun; its ending is the 'sound' plural ending Arabic reserves for masculine nouns. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more of something. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ closes with exactly such an ending: not one, but a whole group. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes when it completes what is said about the topic; for this kind of plural that ending is ـُونَ. مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ carries that ـُونَ ending in its own right, as the comment about 'we': we are mockers. L2 · R6

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, standing in the nominative — here shown by the plural ending ـُونَ. The topic was نَحْنُ 'we'; مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ, carrying that ـُونَ, is what is said about them — mockers. L6 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the one who does the action, and for the derived patterns it opens with مُـ. Built from the root هزا (to mock), مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ opens with مُـ and names the doers — the mockers. L11 · R3