Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قِيلَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'it is said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and قِيلَ is exactly that bare base: 'it is said', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قِيلَ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Passive Voice · المبني للمجهولA passive voice verb hides who did the action by changing its inner vowels. قِيلَ is the passive of قَالَ 'he said' — 'it is said', without naming who says it. L11 · R4

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَ at the front of لَهُمْ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'they', 'you', 'I', and the like. هُمْ is 'them' here, joined after the preposition لَ to say 'to them'. L3 · R2

Prohibition Particle · لا الناهيةThe prohibition لَا means 'do not!' — it commands someone not to act, and trims the verb after it down to the jussive (a sukūn ـْ, or a dropped نَ for a 'they/you all' form). Here it forbids: 'do not spread corruption'. L17 · R6

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. تُفْسِدُ is an action unfolding now: 'spread corruption', from the root فسد: to spread corruption, cause ruin, corrupters. L1 · R7

Present Tense Verb · فعل مضارعA present-tense verb is the verb shape that opens with one of the four present-tense prefixes أ ن ي ت; small helper words before it can bend its time and mood. تُفْسِدُ wears that present-tense shape, opening with exactly such a letter: 'spread corruption', from the root فسد: to spread corruption, cause ruin, corrupters. L8 · R3

Jussive Mood · الفعل المجزومThe jussive is a present-tense verb whose ending is cut down because a particle stands before it; for a 'you all' form this shows by the dropped final نَ. The prohibition لَا has trimmed تُفْسِدُونَ down to تُفْسِدُوا۟, the نَ gone — the mark of the jussive here. L10 · R9

The Five Verbs · الأفعال الخمسةThe Five Verbs are the five present-tense shapes whose ending closes with the letter ن — يَفْعَلَانِ, تَفْعَلَانِ, يَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلُونَ, تَفْعَلِينَ. تُفْسِدُوا۟ is one of them, but here its closing ن has dropped away — and for these five shapes that dropped ن is itself the grammar-sign: it marks the jussive mood, the bent form a governing word before it forces on the verb. L10 · R10

Form IV Verb · أَفْعَلَA Form IV verb is a verb stamped into the pattern that adds a hamza to the front of its three root letters; in the present tense this form announces itself instead by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the letter — sitting on the verb's opening prefix letter. تُفْسِدُ carries exactly that ḍammah ـُ on its opening letter: 'spread corruption', from the root فسد: to spread corruption, cause ruin, corrupters. L12 · R7

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وا۟ · 'you all/your' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — تُفْسِدُوا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The وا۟ ending on تُفْسِدُوا۟ is that doer, 'you all' — those addressed with the command; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. فِى · 'in' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. فِى · 'in' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْأَرْضِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَرْضِ names such a thing: 'the earth', from the root ارض: earth, land, ground. L1 · R6

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. Most feminine nouns wear a visible marker — a ة at the end, a final ى, or اء — but أَرْضِ shows none of these: it is one of the words Arabic simply knows as feminine, learned with the word itself: 'the earth'. L2 · R2

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. أَرْضِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: ٱلْأَرْضِ. L2 · R12

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. قَالُ speaks of an action already carried out: 'they say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed — and it shows who by a small ending fastened to the verb's tail. On قَالُوٓا۟ that ending is وٓا۟, telling exactly who is meant: 'they say', from the root قول: to say, speak, tell. L8 · R2

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of قَالُ is قول: to say, speak, tell — and its middle letter is the weak و, so the weakness sits in the middle of the root. L24 · R4

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'I / you / he' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. وٓا۟ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — قَالُوٓا۟ — naming the one who did the action. L3 · R6

Doer (Fa'il) · فاعلThe doer is the one performing the action, so it stands in the nominative — the 'subject form', usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. The وٓا۟ ending on قَالُوٓا۟ is that doer, 'they' — the ones who said it; on this attached pronoun the shape is fixed, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one. L9 · R4

Accusative Particle (إنّ) · حرف مشبه بالفعلإِنَّ is the emphasis particle 'indeed' (carrying the doubling shaddah ـّ) that normally pushes its topic into the accusative — the ending usually shown by a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the final letter. Here, though, the little مَا glued to it blocks that push, so the topic after it keeps its plain nominative ending, the ḍammah ـُ — and the pair إِنَّمَا comes to mean 'only'. L15 · R2

Preventive Mā · ما الكافةThe preventive مَا is the مَا glued onto إِنَّ that blocks its pull toward the accusative (the fathah ـَ ending, a small slanted stroke above the final letter), so the noun after إِنَّمَا keeps its nominative ḍammah ـُ — the small curl above the final letter — and the meaning narrows to 'only / nothing but'. So the hypocrites claim they are 'only reformers'. L20 · R17

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I', 'we', 'you', 'they'. نَحْنُ is the standalone word 'we', the topic of their claim: 'we are only reformers'. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the noun a sentence talks about — its topic — and it stands in the nominative, the 'topic form' usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl written above the final letter. نَحْنُ 'we' is that topic here — a pronoun keeps one fixed shape, so no ḍammah appears, but the role it fills is the nominative one; because the مَا of إِنَّمَا blocks any push into another ending, it simply stays that plain nominative topic, and 'reformers' is what is said about it. L6 · R2

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. مُصْلِحُونَ is such a naming word: '(are) reformers', from the root صلح: to be good, right, sound; to act rightly; to amend, reform; to reconcile. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. Even as a plural, مُصْلِحُونَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is a masculine noun; its ending is the 'sound' plural ending Arabic reserves for masculine nouns. L2 · R3

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more of something. The sound masculine plural carries its role in its ending — ـُونَ for the nominative (the 'subject form', with the ḍammah ـُ sound), ـِينَ for the accusative and genitive (the 'object' and 'of' forms); مُصْلِحُونَ closes with exactly such an ending: not one, but a whole group. L2 · R6

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes when it completes what is said about the topic; for this kind of plural that ending is ـُونَ. مُصْلِحُونَ carries that ـُونَ ending in its own right, as the comment made about 'we': 'we are reformers'. L2 · R6

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, in the nominative ending. The topic was نَحْنُ 'we'; مُصْلِحُونَ is what is claimed about them — that they are reformers — standing nominative in its own right. L6 · R3

Active Participle · اسم فاعلAn active participle is a naming word built from a verb's root to name the one who does the action. Built from the root صلح (to set right, reconcile), مُصْلِحُونَ names the doers — those who set things right, 'reformers'. L11 · R3