Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. خَلَقَ speaks of an action already carried out: 'created', from the root خلق: to create, bring into being, creation. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and خَلَقَ is exactly that bare base: 'created', from the root خلق: to create, bring into being, creation. L8 · R1

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix لَ at the front of لَكُم is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'to/for' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the word that follows it into the genitive relationship — the 'of / in / with' role a word plays after such a little helper — though not every word shows that role with the same visible ending. L4 · R1

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA pronoun is a mini-word standing in for a name, here كُم 'you all'. Joined after the preposition لَ, it names those the creation was made for: 'for you'. L3 · R7

Relative Pronoun · اسم موصولA relative pronoun is a word that hooks a whole describing sentence onto its meaning. مَّا · 'what' is the relative word Arabic uses for non-human things — 'what' or 'that which' — one fixed shape for any gender and any number: its ending never changes to show its job in the sentence. L5 · R13

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is what the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The creating of خَلَقَ lands on مَّا 'that which is on the earth'; this word keeps one fixed written shape, so no fathah appears on it — the object role is carried by its place in the sentence. L9 · R3

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. فِى · 'in' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. فِى · 'in' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱلْ at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. The letter after it is a 'moon' letter — a letter not made in the same part of the mouth as ل — so the ل of the prefix keeps its own sound, both written and heard, resting with the sukūn ـْ (a small circle written above the letter): ٱلْأَرْضِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. أَرْضِ names such a thing: 'the earth', from the root ارض: earth, land, ground. L1 · R6

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. Most feminine nouns wear a visible marker — a ة at the end, a final ى, or اء — but أَرْضِ shows none of these: it is one of the words Arabic simply knows as feminine, learned with the word itself: 'the earth'. L2 · R2

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. أَرْضِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: ٱلْأَرْضِ. L2 · R12

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. جَمِيعًا names such a thing: 'all', from the root جمع: to gather, assemble, collect. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. جَمِيعًۭا carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. جَمِيعًا carries the tanwīn ـً — the fathah ـَ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'all'. L2 · R8

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـً when the word is indefinite. جَمِيعًۭا ends in that doubled fathah ـً. L2 · R11

Circumstantial (Hāl) · الحالThe ḥāl describes the state something is in during the action, and it is an indefinite word in the accusative — here the doubled fathah ـً. جَمِيعًۭا tells the state of what He created for you: 'all of it, altogether'. L21 · R5

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. ثُمَّ · 'then' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Conjunction · حرف عطفA conjunction is a small joining word; ثُمَّ means 'then/moreover', joining one statement to the next in order. Here it carries the account onward to the heaven. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. ٱسْتَوَىٰٓ speaks of an action already carried out: 'He turned', from the root سوي: to make equal, fashion proportionately, establish. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and ٱسْتَوَىٰٓ is exactly that bare base: 'He turned', from the root سوي: to make equal, fashion proportionately, establish. L8 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of ٱسْتَوَىٰٓ is سوي: to make equal, fashion proportionately, establish — and not one but two of its letters are weak, و and ي: a doubly-weak root. L24 · R9

Form VIII Verb · اِفْتَعَلَA Form VIII verb tucks an extra تـ just after the first root letter. In ٱسْتَوَىٰٓ, from the root سوي, that inserted تَ sits right after the first root letter س — with a helping ٱ in front to make the cluster pronounceable — marking it as Form VIII. L13 · R4

Particle · حرفA particle is a small helper word of one to three letters that works like glue — it connects or adjusts other words rather than naming something or describing an action, and it can never be the one a sentence is about. إِلَى · 'to/toward' is such a helper. L1 · R9

Preposition · حرف جرA preposition is a little helper word that relates one thing to another; Arabic keeps a short list of them — small words like فِي 'in', مِنْ 'from', and عَلَىٰ 'on'. إِلَى · 'to/toward' is one of these relation-words. L4 · R2

Definite Article · أل التعريفThe definite article is the prefix ٱل at the front of a noun (a naming word); it means 'the' — one specific, known one. Because the next letter, س, is one of the fourteen 'sun-letters' — letters made in the same part of the mouth as ل itself, which swallow the ل of ٱل so it is written but not heard — the ل of the prefix melts into it and doubles it, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped doubling mark written above the letter: ٱلسَّمَآءِ. L2 · R9

Noun · اسمA word that accepts the prefix ٱل ('the') is a noun — a naming word. This word carries that prefix and names a thing: 'the heaven', from the root سمو, to be high, elevated; sky. L1 · R1

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'; one of its markers is the ending اء — an alif followed by the letter hamzah. سَّمَآءِ ends with exactly that اء, so it is treated as feminine: 'the heaven'. L2 · R1

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. سَّمَآءِ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: ٱلسَّمَآءِ. L2 · R12

Conjunction · حرف عطفThe prefix فَ at the front of فَسَوَّىٰهُنَّ is a conjunction — a small joining word meaning 'and then' — linking what follows to what came before; the word it joins in must stand in the same grammatical case as its partner before the joint — the same role in the sentence, even when the two words write that case with different endings. L4 · R4

Verb · فعلA verb is a word for an action or happening that is always tied to a time — past, present/future, or a command. سَوَّىٰ speaks of an action already carried out: 'and fashioned them', from the root سوي: to make equal, fashion proportionately, establish. L1 · R7

Past Tense Verb · فعل ماضٍA past-tense verb describes an action already completed. Its plain base shape — the shape Arabic uses for a single 'he' — carries no who-ending glued to its tail, and سَوَّىٰ is exactly that bare base: 'and fashioned them', from the root سوي: to make equal, fashion proportionately, establish. L8 · R1

Weak Verb · فعل معتلA weak verb is a verb that carries و or ي — the 'weak' letters, which love to soften into long vowels or vanish — among its root letters. The root of سَوَّىٰ is سوي: to make equal, fashion proportionately, establish — and not one but two of its letters are weak, و and ي: a doubly-weak root. L24 · R9

Form II Verb · فَعَّلَA Form II verb doubles its middle root letter, shown by the shaddah ـّ — a small w-shaped mark meaning the letter is said twice. In سَوَّىٰ that shaddah sits on the و, the middle letter of the root سوي, marking it as Form II. L12 · R1

Attached Pronoun · ضمير متصلAn attached pronoun is a mini-word for 'me / us / them' that cannot stand alone — it is glued onto the end of another word, and each form carries within it exactly who is meant. هُنَّ · 'them/their' is fastened to the tail of the verb here — فَسَوَّىٰهُنَّ — naming the one the action lands on. L3 · R6

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is the one the action lands on, standing in the accusative — the landed-on form, usually a fathah ـَ, a small slanted stroke above the last letter. The ending هُنَّ 'them' is that object: the fashioning lands on the heavens. A pronoun keeps its fixed written shape, so no fathah appears — the accusative is the role it fills. L9 · R5

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. سَبْعَ names such a thing: 'seven', from the root سبع: the number seven, wild beasts. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. سَبْعَ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Accusative · منصوبThe accusative is the ending shown by a fathah ـَ — a small slanted stroke above the last letter. سَبْعَ ends in exactly that fathah ـَ. L2 · R11

Direct Object · مفعول بهThe direct object is what the action lands on, in the accusative — the fathah ـَ, the small stroke above the last letter. سَبْعَ carries that fathah as what He made them INTO: 'made them seven heavens'. L9 · R3

Noun · اسمA word that accepts tanwīn — the doubled end-vowel marks ـٌ ـً ـٍ — is a noun, a naming word. سَمَـٰوَٰتٍۢ ends in the doubled kasrah ـٍ and names things: heavens, from the root سمو, to be high, elevated; sky. L1 · R2

Feminine Noun · اسم مؤنثA feminine noun is a naming word Arabic treats as grammatically 'she'. سَمَٰوَٰتٍ closes with the sound feminine plural ending ـَات — the ending Arabic adds to name three or more of something feminine — and that plural ending marks the word as feminine: 'heavens'. L2 · R6

Plural Noun · جمعA plural noun refers to three or more. The sound feminine plural — the plural of a feminine naming word — adds the ending ـَات, and سَمَـٰوَٰتٍۢ carries that ending: not one heaven but seven. L2 · R6

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. سَمَٰوَٰتٍ carries the tanwīn ـٍ — the kasrah ـِ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'heavens'. L2 · R8

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes as the owner in an 'of' phrase, shown here by the doubled kasrah ـٍ — the tanwīn kasrah below the last letter. سَمَـٰوَٰتٍۢ carries it as the paired word of the number: 'seven OF heavens'. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' pair whose second word always takes the genitive — the owner's ending, the kasrah ـِ, here doubled as tanwīn ـٍ. سَمَـٰوَٰتٍۢ is that second word, chained to the number سَبْعَ: 'seven of heavens'. L5 · R5

Circumstantial Particle · واو الحالThe circumstantial particle is a وَ meaning 'while/and', introducing a mini-sentence that describes an accompanying state; its marker is that a complete topic-plus-comment sentence follows it. Here the وَ introduces هُوَ … عَلِيمٌ — 'He being Knowing of all things'. L14 · R3

Detached Pronoun · ضمير منفصلA detached pronoun is a standalone word for 'I/you/he/they'. هُوَ is the standalone word 'He', naming Allah. L3 · R2

Subject (Mubtada') · مبتدأThe subject is the word a statement opens by talking about — its topic — standing in the nominative, the topic's form, usually shown by a ḍammah ـُ, a small curl above the last letter. هُوَ 'He' is that topic; a pronoun keeps one fixed written shape, so no ḍammah appears on it — the nominative is the role it fills. L6 · R2

Preposition · حرف جرThe small prefix بِ at the front of بِكُلِّ is a preposition — a little helper word meaning 'in/with' that relates one thing to another. A preposition 'pulls' the naming word after it into the genitive, the ending marked by a kasrah ـِ — a small slanted stroke written below the letter — and بِكُلِّ ends with exactly that kasrah ـِ. L4 · R1

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. كُلِّ names such a thing: 'of every', from the root كلل: entirely, totally, all, everyone, each one, whole. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. بِكُلِّ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a noun (a naming word) takes after a preposition — a little word like 'in' or 'to' — and it is marked by a kasrah ـِ, a small slanted stroke written below the letter. كُلِّ stands right after such a little word, so its final letter carries exactly that kasrah ـِ: بِكُلِّ. L2 · R12

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. شَىْءٍ names such a thing: 'thing', from the root شيا: to will, wish; thing. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. شَىْءٍ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun means 'a' or 'any' one of something — no particular one — and it never wears the definite article ال ('the'); instead it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. شَىْءٍ carries the tanwīn ـٍ — the kasrah ـِ doubled — marking it as unspecified: 'thing'. L2 · R8

Genitive · مجرورThe genitive is the ending a naming word takes as the owner in an 'of' phrase, shown here by the doubled kasrah ـٍ below the last letter. شَىْءٍ carries it as the paired word of كُلِّ: 'every OF thing' — everything. L2 · R12

Possessive (Idafa) · مضاف إليهA possessive (iḍāfah) chains two naming words into an 'of' pair whose second word always takes the genitive — the owner's ending, the kasrah ـِ, here doubled as tanwīn ـٍ. شَىْءٍ is that second word, chained to كُلِّ: 'every thing'. L5 · R5

Noun · اسمA noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. عَلِيمٌ names such a thing: '(is) All-Knowing', from the root علم: to know, knowledge. L1 · R6

Masculine Noun · اسم مذكرArabic treats every noun — every naming word — as grammatically 'he' or 'she'. عَلِيمٌۭ carries no feminine marker — no ة at its end, no final ى, no اء — so it takes the default and is treated as 'he': a masculine noun. L2 · R3

Singular Noun · مفردA singular noun refers to one, showing its ending with a single short vowel mark — doubled to tanwīn when the word is indefinite. عَلِيمٌۭ is the singular form, its ending the single doubled ḍammah ـٌ: one Knower. L2 · R4

Indefinite Noun · نكرةAn indefinite noun is a naming word left general — not pinned to one known thing by the definite article ال ('the') — and it shows this with tanwīn, a doubled end-vowel mark. عَلِيمٌ carries the tanwīn ـٌ — the ḍammah ـُ doubled: '(is) All-Knowing'. L2 · R8

Nominative · مرفوعThe nominative is the ending a naming word takes as subject or the comment about a topic, shown by a ḍammah ـُ — a small curl above the last letter — doubled to tanwīn ـٌ when the word is indefinite. عَلِيمٌۭ ends in that doubled ḍammah ـٌ. L2 · R10

Predicate (Khabar) · خبرThe predicate is the part that tells you something about the topic, standing in the nominative in its own right — here the doubled ḍammah ـٌ above the last letter. The topic was هُوَ 'He'; عَلِيمٌۭ, carrying that ending, is what is said about Him, with the 'is' understood: 'He IS Knowing of all things'. L6 · R3